TUMORS AFFECTING CATTLE. 315 



very hard, dense, elastic, and painless, and develops principally where 

 we find normal cartilage cells. It is rare in cattle, but has been found 

 in the subcutaneous tissues and nasal cavities. 

 Treatment. — Extirpation. 



OSTEOMA (BONY' TUMOR) . 



Bones may occasionally grow in such a profuse and irregular man- 

 ner that the product, or osteophyte, assumes the character of a tumor. 

 The bone tissue may possess either spongy or compact properties 

 and grow either from the periphery of the bone or within its interior. 

 These tumors most frequently appear about the head of the animal, 

 either upon the jawbones, within the nasal passages, or in connection 

 with the horns. They are usually of bony hardness, painless, benign, 

 and sharply outlined. 



Treatment. — The treatment consists in either removing them with 

 a saw, chisel, or trephine, or preventing their further development by 

 counterirritation with blisters or firing iron. 



Characteristic myxomas are mucoid tumors, which chiefly originate 

 from the mucous membrane and are especially to be found within the 

 nasal passages and uterus of cattle. They can reach a size of three 

 fists, are smooth or velvet-like, or may be lobulated, broad at the 

 base, and consist of a glassy looking mass of connective tissue, which 

 usually shows a distinctive yellowish color. Being homogeneous and 

 elastic, the moist, jelly-like tissue composing the tumor may be easily 

 destroyed or crushed. When cut through, these tumors soon collapse 

 from the loss of their fluids. They sometimes inclose elliptical cavi- 

 ties filled with slimy, gelatinous masses. 



Treatment. — Extirpation. 



SARCOMA. 



This is a malignant tumor after the type of embryonal tissue, and 

 consists of several varieties, such as the round cell, spindle cell, 

 ^giant cell, alveolar, and melano sarcoma. They grow by preference 

 in connective tissue and are quite vascular. Sarcomas appear either 

 as single or multiple nodules, varying in size from a hempseed to a 

 hazelnut, or else as a moderate number of tumors of the size of hen 

 eggs. Their surface, at first smooth, becomes later lumpy and tuber- 

 ous from internal degeneration. Secondary nodules may appear near 

 the primary tumor. The outer skin is not involved as soon as in 

 cancer, nor does ulceration follow so rapidly. Sarcoma is about the 

 most frequent and dangerous tumor that' is found in cattle. It occurs 

 in young animals, and is found on the serous membranes, in the 

 glandular organs, and on the outer skin, especially of the neck and 

 shoulders — in fact, in nearly every tissue and in almost every part of 



