366 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



of Asia, but the time of its first appearance and the extent of its dis- 

 tribution are very uncertain. 



Some countries, which had only been infected for a short time, such 

 as Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, have succeeded in eradicating the 

 disease without much difficulty by slaughtering all affected and exposed 

 .animals. Other countries long infected and in which the contagion 

 was thoroughly established, like Australia, South Africa, Italy, France, 

 Belgium, and parts of Germany, have labored long, in some cases 

 making no progress and in others being only partially successful. 

 Holland was one of the first of the thoroughly infected countries to 

 free itself from the contagion. 



In the United States, Massachusetts eradicated pleuro-pneumonia 

 during the period from 1860 to 1866. New York and New Jersey made 

 an attempt to eradicate it in 1879, but were not successful. Late in 

 1883 the contagion was carried to Ohio, probably by Jersey cattle 

 purchased in the vicinity of Baltimore, Md., to which place it had 

 extended previous to 1868. From the herd then infected it was spread 

 by the sale of cattle during 1884 to a limited number of herds in Illi- 

 nois, to one herd in Missouri, and to two herds in Kentucky. The 

 alarm caused among the stock owners of the United States by this 

 widespread dissemination of a disease so much dreaded led to the 

 adoption of active measures for its control and eradication. By coop- 

 eration between the United States Department of Agriculture and the 

 authorities of the affected States it was found possible to prevent the 

 further spread of the contagion and to eradicate it after a few months' 

 delay. 



In 1886 pleuro-pneumonia was discovered in some of the large dis- 

 tillery stables of Chicago and among cows on neighboring lots. This 

 led to renewed efforts to secure the complete extirpation of this dis- 

 ease from the country. Congress in 1887 enlarged the appropriation 

 available for this purpose, and gave more extended authority. Dur- 

 ing the same year the disease was stamped out of Chicago, and has 

 not since appeared in any district west of the Allegheny Mountains. 



The work of eradication was at the same time commenced in all of 

 the infected States. Before the end of the year 1889 Pennsylvania, 

 Delaware, Maryland, the District of Columbia, and Virginia had been 

 freed from the disease. More difficulties, however, were encountered 

 in the States of New York and New Jersey, on account of the larger 

 territory infected and the density of the population. The long strug- 

 gle was crowned with success, however, and the last animal in which 

 the disease appeared in the State of New York was slaughtered early 

 in 1891, and the last one affected in New Jersey met the same fate 

 early in the spring of 1892. 



During these same years a supreme effort had been made to stamp 

 out this lung plague from Great Britain. From the official reports it 

 appears that the number of infected districts and of diseased animals 



