438 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



in different parts of the world — and they- are now quite numerous — 

 indicate disease of the face. The skin, tongue, or the jawbones may- 

 become affected, and by a very slow process it may extend downward 

 upon the neck and even into the cavity of the chest. In many cases 

 the teeth have been found in a state of more or less advanced decay 

 and ulceration. In a f&\ r cases disease of the lungs was observed 

 without coexisting disease of the bones or soft parts of the head. In 

 such cases the fungus must have been inhaled. The disease of the 

 lungs after a time extends upon the chest wall. Here it may corrode the 

 ribs and work its way through the muscles and the skin. An abscess 

 is thus formed discharging pus containing actinomyces grains. Dis-. 

 ease of the digestive organs caused by this fungus has also been 

 observed in a few instances. 



Granting the identity of the disease in man and cattle, the question 

 has been raised whether cattle are responsible for the disease in man. 

 Any transmission of the infectious agent may be conceived of as taking 

 place during the life of the animal and after slaughter from the meat. 

 That human beings have contracted actinomycosis by coming in con- 

 tact with diseased cattle is not shown by the cases that have hitherto 



ACTINOMYCOSIS. 



[Description of plates.] 



Plate XLI. Fig. 1. Actinomycosis of the jaw. The lower jawbone has been 

 extensively eaten away by the disease. Fig. 2. Actinomyces fungus from a tumor 

 of the jawbone in cattle, magnified 550 times. Both figures are taken from Jcihne 

 (Encyklopadie d. ges. Thierheilkunde). 



Plate XLII. Actinomycosis of the lungs. Fig. 1. Transverse section of the 

 ventral lobe of the right lung, from a case studi d in the laboratory. The yellow- 

 ish dots represent the places where the actinomyces fungus is lodged. The larger 

 yellowish patches are produced by the confluence of a number of isolated centers. 

 The entire lobe is of a dark flesh-red color, due to collapse and broncho-pneumonia. 

 Fig. 2. The cut surface of a portion of the principal lobe of tha same lung, show- 

 ing the recent invasion of antinomycosis from the other lobe: a, large air tube; 

 b, artery; c, a pneumonic lobule; d, lobule containing minute yellowish dots. In 

 these the actinomyces fungus is lodged. Fig. 3. Cut surface of a small portion of 

 another lung, showing a few lobules a. The fungus is sprinkled throughout the 

 lung tissue in the form of yellowish grains, as shown in the illustration. The 

 pleural covering of the lung tissue is shown in profile above. 



Plate XLIII. Actinomycosis of the jaw (lumpy jaw, etc.), reduced one-half. 

 (From Johne, in Encyklopadie d. gesammt. Thierheilkunde.) The lower jaw is 

 sawn through transversely, i. e., from right to laft, and shows the disease within 

 the jawbone itself; a, within the month, showing the papillse on the mucous mem- 

 brane of the cheek; 6, front view of a molar tooth; c, the skin covering the lower 

 surface of the jawbone; d, the jawbone hollowed out and enlarged by the forma- 

 tion of cavities within it, which are filled with the soft growth of the actinomy- 

 cotic tumor. The section makes it appear as if the bone were broken into fragments 

 and these forced apart; e, a portion of the tumor which has broken through the 

 bone and the skin and appears as a tumor on the cheek. The little roundish masses 

 represent the granulomata (minute tumors) ii« which the fungus vegetates. 



