504 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



40 per cent solution of nicotine. The formula for this dip would be: Nicotine, 

 four-tenths of a pound; flowers of sulphur, 16 pounds; water, 96 gallons. 



To calculate how much nicotine solution or extract of tobacco should be used 

 for 96 gallons of water, divide the quantity of nicotine required in the dip by the 

 proportion of nicotine in the extract. For example, suppose the nicotine solution 

 contains 2o per cent nicotine, we have 0.40-s-0.25=1.6. Therefore in this case it 

 would require 1.6 pounds of nicotine solution for the 96 gallons of dip. Or, if a 

 tobacco extract is used, having for example 2.4 per cent of nicotine, the formula 

 would be as follows: 0.40-M). 024=16. 66, and therefore 16.66 pounds would be 

 required for 96 gallons of dip. Do not use any preparation the strength of which 

 is not given on the outside of the package. 



In preparing these dips the tobacco solution and sulphur should be mixed to- 

 gether with water before adding them to the water in the dipping vat. The dip 

 should on no account be heated above 110° F. after the nicotine solution is added, 

 as heat is liable to evaporate the nicotine and weaken the dip. 



BEAUMONT OIL EMULSION. 



Directions for making 100 gallons. —Dissolve with the aid of heat 5 pounds of 

 hard soap (ordinary laundry soaps are satisfactory) in 5 gallons of soft water; to 

 this solution add 20 gallons of Beaumont crude petroleum or a similar oil which 

 may or may not contain sulphur, mixing with a spray pump, or otherwisa, in a 

 thorough manner. To this concentrated emulsion add sufficient soft water to 

 bring the total up to 100 gallons, keeping the whole mass thoroughly agitated. 



When properly prepared the concentrated emulsion will stand indefinitely with- 

 out any tendency t ward a separati n of the oil and water, and can b3 diluted in 

 any proportion with cold soft water. 



Chorioptic mange, due to a different species of mite from that caus- 

 ing common cattle mange, is confined almost entirely to the region at 

 the root of the tail and may persist for years if not treated. The 

 treatment is the same as for psoroptic mange. 



Demodectic mange, which is due to a small parasite that lives in the 

 hair follicles, causing pustules, especially on the neck and shoulders, 

 occurs occasionally among cattle in this country and is of impor- 

 tance on account of the injury to the hide. When tanned, hides 

 infested by this parasite are pitted, the pits, in some cases, being so 

 deep that they form holes. No practicable treatment is known for 

 this disease. 



TICKS." 



About 10 species of ticks have been reported as parasites of cattle 

 in the United States. The most common and the most important is 

 the species known as Margaropus annulatus, which transmits Texas 

 fever. Information concerning this tick and Texas fever has been 

 given elsewhere in this volume (p. 461). 



a For a more complete discussion consult Farmers' Bulletin 258, and Bulletin 72 

 of the Bureau of Entomology, both issued by the United States Department of 

 Agriculture. 



