508 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



The animals to be treated should be deprived of feed for twelve to 

 sixteen or even twenty-four hours before they are dosed, and if blue- 

 stone is used should receive no water on the day they are dosed, either 

 before or after dosing. In drenching, a long-necked bottle or a drench- 

 ing tube may be used. In case a bottle is used the dose to be given 

 may be first measured off, poured into the bottle, and the point marked 

 on the outside of the bottle with a file, so that subsequent doses may 

 be measured in the bottle itself. A simple form of drenching tube 

 (fig. 18) consists of a piece of rubber tubing about 3 feet long and 

 one-half inch in diameter, with an ordinary tin funnel inserted in one 

 end and a piece of brass or iron tubing 4 to 6 inches long and of 

 suitable diameter inserted in the other end. In use the metal tube is 

 placed in the animal's mouth between the back 

 teeth, and the dose is poured into the funnel, 

 which is either held by an assistant or fastened to a 

 post. The flow of liquid through the tube is con- 

 trolled by pinching the rubber tubing near the 

 point of union with the metal tube. It is impor- 

 tant not to raise the animal's head too high on 

 account of the danger of the dose entering the 

 lungs. The nose should not be raised higher 

 than the level of the eyes. The animal may be 

 dosed either standing on all fours or lying on the 

 side. It has been found by experiment that if 

 the dose is taken quietly most of it will pass 



Fig. 18. — A drenching tube made from an ordinary tin funnel, a piece of rubber hose, and a piece 



of brass pipe. 



directly to the fourth stomach when the animal is dosed in a stand- 

 ing position, and that when the animal is dosed lying down little or 

 none of the dose passes immediately to the fourth stomach. From 

 this it is evident that the position on all fours is preferable, as more 

 of the dose passes to the place where its action is required. 



Great care should be used not only in dosing to avoid the entrance 

 of the liquid into the lungs, but also in the preparation and adminis- 

 tration of the remedy so that the solution may not be too strong or 

 the dose to large. 



Coal-tar creosote. — Good results have been obtained from a single dose of a 1 

 per cent solution of a coal-tar creosote. This solution is made by shaking together 

 1 ounce of coal-tar creosote and 99 ounces (6 pints 3 ounces) of water. The doses 

 of this 1 per cent mixture are as follows: 



Calves 3 to 8 months old 5 to 10 ounces. 



Yearling steers 1 pi-:t. 



Two-year-olds and above 1 quart. 



