4 INSECTIVOEA 



1777. [Talpa europsea] a albo-maculata Erxleben, Syst. Begni Anim., I, 



p. 117 (Ostfriesland). 

 1785. [Talpa] vulgaris Boddaert, Elenohus Anim., i, p. 126 (Europe). 

 1789. [Talpa europsea] |8 variegata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 13th ed., p. 110 



(Sweden). 

 1789. [Talpa europsea] y alba Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, 13th ed., p. HO 



(Sweden). 

 1789. Talpa europsea e cinerea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 13th ed., p. 110 (Eifel, 



Germany). 

 1792. Talpa europ[sea] nigra Kerr, Anim. Kingd., p. 200 (Renaming of 



europsea). 

 1797. Talpa europsea rufa B[orkhause]n, Der Zoologe (Compendiose Biblio- 



thek gemeinniitzigsten Kenntnisse fur alle Stande, pt. xxi), 



Heft v-viu, p. 13 (Southern Prance). 

 1836. Talpa europica flavescens Reichenbach, Praeht.-gemoinn. der 



Saugeth. des In- und Auslandes, fig. 473 (Saxony). 

 1852. Talpa europsea albida Reichenbach, Vollstandigste Naturgesch. des 



In- und Auslandes, iv, p. 336 (Germany). 

 1852. Talpa europsea lutea Beiehenbaoh, Vollstandigste Naturgesch. des 



In- und Auslandes, IV, p. 336 (Germany). 

 1857. Talpa europsea Blasius, Saugethiere Deutschlands, p. 109. 

 1869. Talpa europsea, flavescens Pitzinger, Sitzungsber. kais. Akad. 



Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, dix, pt. i, p. 400. 

 1869. Talpa europsea, maculata Pitzinger, Sitzungsber. kais. Akad. 



Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, lix, pt. I, p. 401 



(Renaming of albo-maculata). 

 1869. Talpa europsea 5 grisea Pitzinger, Sitzunsgber. kais. Akad. Wissensch. 



Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, lix, pt. i, p. 403 (synonym of 



cinerea wrongly attributed to Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch., II, 



p. 390, 1780, where vernacular name only is used). 

 1897. [Talpa] scalops Schulze, Abh. u. Vortr. Gesammtb. Naturw. iv, 



no. 10, p. 19. (Substitute for europsea.) 

 1910. Talpa europsea Trouessart, Paune Mamm. d'Europe, p. 61. 



Type locality. — Upsala, Sweden. 



Geographical distribution. — Europe from Great Britain and 

 the Channel Islands eastward, and from the Mediterranean coast 

 to Scotland and central Sweden. 



Diagnosis. — Size medium (hind foot about 18 mm., condylo- 

 basal length of skull rarely less than 33 mm.) ; skull with orbit 

 rather long, so that distance from posterior border of orbit to 

 posterior border of anteorbitai foramen is about equal to that 

 from latter point to front of first premolar or back of canine ; 

 teeth of moderate size, the length of upper tooth-row (exclusive 

 of incisors) less than 14 mm., the greatest diameter of ro 1 about 

 3 mm. ; mesostyle of m 2 and m 3 entire or with apex slightly 

 notched. 



External characters. — General form highly modified for sub- 

 terranean burrowing habits, the neck so short that the conical 

 head with much produced snout appears to be joined directly, 

 between the very large, everted front feet, to broad, powerful 

 shoulders, behind which the unusually long, nearly cylindrical 

 body tapers gradually to somewhat weak and narrow pelvic 

 region. Fur dense and velvety, the hairs all of the same length, 



