RHIN0L0PHUS 139 



Forearm under 43 mm. ; oondylobasal length 

 of skull under 16 mm. ; sella ouneate ; 

 large upper premolar not in contact 



with canine (Lesser Horseshoe) B. hipposideros, p. 147. 



Greatest length of skull 14-5 to 15-5 mm. 



(Mediterranean region) r. ;,. minimus, p. 151. 



Greatest length of skull more than 

 15 '5 mm. 

 Forearm 36-3 to 39 mm. (England and 



Ireland) r. u. minutus, p. 154. 



Forearm 39 to 41 -7mm. (Central Europe) r. /,. hipposideros, p. 149. 

 Noseleaf with connecting process acutely 

 pointed above ; skull with nasal swellings 

 short, rising abruptly above level of fore- 

 head. 

 First phalanx of fourth finger more than 

 half as long as second; sella bluntly 

 cuneate ; no marked contrast between 

 crown areas of anterior and posterior 

 lower premolars (Eastern Mediterranean 



region) R. blasii, p. 162. 



First phalanx of fourth finger less than half 

 as long as second; sella parallel-sided, 

 broadly rounded above ; a marked con- 

 trast between crown areas of anterior 

 and posterior lower premolars. 

 Size smaller, forearm 44-6 to 49 mm., 

 upper tooth-row 6-2 to 6 ■ 6 mm. ; 

 gradation between phalanges of fourth 

 finger abrupt (ratio of first to second 

 about 38) ; point of lancet gradually 



narrowed, never linear R. euryale, p. 155. 



Size larger, forearm 48-6 to 51-4, upper 

 tooth-row about 7 mm. ; gradation 

 between phalanges of fourth finger 

 less abrupt (ratio of first to second 

 about 44) ; point of lancet linear R. mehelyi, p. 159. 



RHINOLOPHUS FERRUM-EQUINUM Schreber. 



(Synonymy under subspecies.) 



Geographical distribution. — From southern Japan and China, 

 through the Himalayas, the Mediterranean sub-region (exclusive 

 of Egypt), and central Europe to southern England (Andersen). 



Diagnosis. — Size largest of the European species (forearm 

 more than 50 mm., condylobasal length of skull about 21 mm., 

 mandible, 15 to 16 mm.); noseleaf with horseshoe less than 

 10 mm. wide, the sella pandurate, the connecting process low, 

 abruptly rounded ; fourth finger with first phalanx considerably 

 more than half as long as second ; large upper premolar broadly 

 in contact with canine, the small premolar minute (sometimes 

 absent), completely external to tooth-row. 



External characters. — Size large and form rather heavy 

 (among the European members of the genus). General outline 

 of noseleaf a rather elongate ovate-pyriform, the width of horse- 

 shoe slightly greater than distance from flat area at base of sella 



