RHINOLOPHUS 



149 



molars less contrasted in size than in the larger animal, and 



separated from each other ,by a slight space in which lies 



the minute middle premolar, less 



crowded outward than in S. ferrum- 



equinum. Large upper premolar 



and upper molars essentially as in 



B. ferrum-equinum except that in 



tn 3 there is a distinct meta- 



style and fourth commissure, 



and area of tooth is nearly 



equal to that of m 2 . Lower 



molars as in Bhinolophus 



ferrum-equinum, except that 



in m 3 , almost exactly resem- 

 bles the other teeth, the second 



triangle having undergone 



practically no reduction. 



Measurements. — Head and 

 body about 40 mm., tail about 

 30 mm., forearm, 34-5 to 

 41 • 7 mm., condylobasal length 

 of skull, 13 • 8 to 15 mm. 

 (greatest length 14-5tol6'2). 

 Details under subspecies. 



Bemarhs. — Three imperfectly differentiated forms of Bhino- 

 lophus hipposideros occur in Europe : a larger central race, a 

 smaller Mediterranean race, and an intermediate form peculiar 

 to Great Britain and Ireland. Without examination of much 

 more complete material than that now available it is impossible 

 to reach any wholly satisfactory conclusion as to the status and 

 interrelationships of these forms. The characters here given are 

 those published by Andersen in 1905.* 



Fig. 28. 

 Ithinolophus hipposideros. Teeth X 10_ 



Rhinolophus hipposideros hipposideros Bechstein 



1789. VespertiUo ferrum-equinum B. , Die kleine Huf eisennase, Bechstein. 



Gemeinn. Naturgesch. Deutsehlands, i, 1st ed., p. 186. 

 1792. Vcsp[ertilio~] fer\rum\-eqit,\inum\ minor Kerr, Anim. Kingd., p. 99 



(not V. molossus minor Kerr, I.e., p. 97) (France). 

 1800. VespertiUo hipposideros Bechstein, Thomas Pennant's Allgemeine 



Uebersicht der vierfiissigen Thiere, n, p. 629. 

 1803. Bhinolophus minor Geoffroy, Oatal. Mamm. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat., 



Paris, p. 57 (Neighbourhood of Paris). 

 1813. Bhinolophus bihastatus Geoffroy, Ann. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Paris, xx, 



p. 259 (Neighbourhood of Paris). 

 1816. ? Phyllorhina minuta Leach, Syst. Catal. Spec. Indig. Mamm. and 



Birds Brit. Mus., p. 5 (nomen nudum : " Small Leafnose"). 



* For further discussion of the subject see Mottaz, Mem. Soc. Zool. de 

 France, Paris, xx, pp. 21-22, September, 1907 ; Andersen, Ann. and Mag. 

 Nat. Hist., 7th ser., xx, pp. 384-389, November, 1907. 



