318 



CAENIVORA 



Skull. — The skull is much smaller than that of Ganis lupus. 

 In form it differs slightly in the less elevated frontal region and 

 somewhat more inflated auditory bullae. 



Teeth. — While agreeing with those of Ganis lupus in general 



form and in the position of the cusps, the teeth 



are on the whole more trenchant in character, as 



shown by the general tendency toward narrowness 



of crown and prominence of ridges. This is 



particularly noticeable in the upper molars, in 



which the large cusps are relatively higher, more 



slender, and less terete than in Ganis lupus, their 



cutting ridges much more developed ; transverse 



diameter of metacone in m 1 noticeably less than 



width of inner portion of crown ; cingulum on 



outer border of both upper molars wide and 



conspicuous in contrast with narrow cusps, 



Fig. 62. showing no tendency to become obsolete in 



Canis aureus, region between paracone and metacone. Lower 



La clee ™teeth ary carna ssial with metaconid actually as well as 



Nat. size. relatively larger than in Canis lupus, and posterior 



heel with area equal to nearly half that of anterior 



portion of tooth, its cusps strongly developed. 



Measurements. — For cranial measurements see Table, p. 316. 



Specimens examined* — One from Greece (Piraeus) ; numerous others 

 from Asia Minor and India. 



Remarks. — The single specimen from Greece agrees sufficiently 

 with a series of five from Khotz, near Trebizond, Asia Minor, 

 to make it appear unwise, in the absence of more satisfactory 

 material, to use one of the Balkan names. 



1. Piraeus, Greece. (0. Mottaz.) Hon. N. 0. Roths- 8. 10. 2. 49-50. 



child (p). 



Genus ALOPEX Kaup. 



1829. Alopex Kaup, Entw.-Gesch. und Natiirl. Syst. Europ. Thierw., i, 



p. 83. 

 1857. Leucocyon Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, p. 512. 



Type species. — Ganis lagopus Linnaeus. 



Geographical distribution. — Arctic region of both Old and New 

 Worlds ; in Europe south to southern Norway and Sweden. 



Characters. — Skull intermediate in general form between that 

 of Canis and Vulpes ; occipital depth about one-third condylo- 

 basal length ; interorbital region more elevated than in Vulpes 

 owing to greater inflation of the frontal sinuses ; postorbital 

 processes thin, flat or slightly concave above, with bead-like, 

 overhanging edges ; dorsal profile of forehead rising abruptly 



