372 



CARNIVORA 



external cusp (usually notched or partly divided into two), the 

 surface elsewhere finely wrinkled ; in some specimens a minute 

 tubercle, perhaps representing the hypocone, occurs near posterior 

 border of crown in region of constriction between outer and 

 inner portions ; cingulum low but evident, especially around 

 inner margin of crown. 



Remarks. — The well - known pine marten is so strongly 

 characterized as to require no special comparisons with any other 

 European species except Martes foina (see account of latter). 

 Two geographical races are currently recognized, though their 

 status is by no means clear. 



Martes martes martes Linnseus. 



1758. [Mustela] martes Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., i, 10th ed., p. 46 (Sweden). 

 1816. M[ustela] sylvesiris Oken. Lehrb. d. Naturgesch., hi, pt. 2, p. 1029 



(Renaming of martes). 

 1827. M[artes] vulgaris Griffith, Guvier's Anim. Kingd., v, p. 123 



(Renaming of martes). 

 1847. Martes sylvatica Nilsson, Skand. Fauna, i, 2nd ed., p. 41 (Renaming 



of martes). 

 1857. Mustela martes Blasius, Saugethiere Deutschlands, p. 213. 



1910. Mustela martes Trouessart, Paune Mamm. d'Europe, p. 72. 



1911. [Martes] martes Thomas, Proo. Zool. Soc. London, p. 139, March, 



1911. 



Type locality. — Vicinity of Upsala, Sweden. 



Geographical distribution. — Europe north of the Mediterranean 

 region, from Ireland eastward into Asia. 



Diagnosis. — Throat patch cream-buff or slightly more yellow. 



Colour. — Upper parts a rich dark brown, usually rather near 

 the bister of Ridgway, the tips of the longer hairs blackish ; 

 underfur light grey, the tips of the hairs tinged with drab or 

 with wood-brown ; face essentially like back or not so dark, the 

 muzzle and chin usually not darker than forehead ; ear edged 

 with bufi'y drab ; tail very dark brown (nearly the seal-brown of 

 Ridgway), its underfur raw-umber or somewhat darker ; feet 

 and lower portion of legs blackish ; throat-patch varying 

 considerably, but as a rule rather pale, nearly cream-buff or 

 slightly more yellow. 



Measurements. — For cranial and dental measurements see 

 Tables, pp. 376, 378. 



Specimens examined. — Twenty, from the following localities : — 



Ireland : Kenmare, Kerry, 1 ; Co. Kerry, no exact locality, 1. 



Scotland : No exact locality, 1. 



England : Keswick, Cumberland, 1 ; Cockermouth, Cumberland, 1 ; 

 Pontrilas, Herefordshire, 1 ; Ludford Park, Herefordshire, 1 ; no exact 

 locality, 3 (B.M. and U.S.N.M.). 



Norway : Egersund, Stavanger, 3. 



Sweden : No exact locality, 3 (U.S.N.M.). 



Denmark : No exact locality, 1 (U.S.N.M.). 



Germany : Southern Germany, 2. 



Austria-Hungary : Bohemia, 1. 



