434 



CARNIVOKA 



GULO GULO Linnaeus. 



1758. [Mustela] gulo Linnseus, Syst. Nat., i, 10th ed., p. 45. 



1816. Qulo vulgaris Oken, Lehrbuch d. Naturgesch., in, pt. 2, p. 1004 (Ee- 



naming of gulo). 

 1820. Gulo borealis Nilsson, Skand. Faun., i, p. 95 (Renaming of gulo).\ 

 1820. Gulo arctlcus Desmarest, Mammalogie, p. 174 (Renaming of gulo). 

 1829. Gulo arctos Kaup, Entw.-Geseh. u. Natiirl. Syst. Europ. Thierw., I, 



p. 68, described on p. 69 (Renaming of gulo). 

 1857. Gulo borealis Blasius, Saugethiere Deutschlands, p. 209. 



1910. Gulo luscus Trouessart, Eaune Mamm. d'Europe, p. 71. Not Ursus 



luscus Linnaaus, 1758. 



1911. Gulo gulo Gollett, Norges Pattedyr, p. 336. 



Type locality. — Lapland. 



Geographical distribution. — Northern forests of the Old 

 World ; in Europe, confined to Scandinavia and northern Russia. 



Diagnosis. — Largest of the European Mustelidne (head and 

 body, about 800 mm. ; condylobasal length of skull, about 130 

 to 140) ; general colour dark brown with a lighter crescent on 

 forehead and another lighter area crossing rump and extending 

 along sides of body toward front legs. 



External characters. — General form heavy, badger-like, the 

 apparent size of the animal as well as its shortness of limb 

 exaggerated by the great depth and peculiar quality of the fur. 

 Head short and thick ; ears densely haired both inside and out, 

 low and rounded, fully as wide as high, not appearing con- 

 spicuously above fur ; muzzle pad well denned, naked, the bare 

 region extending downward to region where upper lip folds 

 inward (the infolded portion of lip hairy). Feet broad and strong, 

 the sole and palm each with three naked or almost naked pads, 

 which are wholly concealed in winter by the dense growth of 

 loDg hairs with which the feet are elsewhere covered, though in 

 the summer pelage they may be partly exposed ; claws strong, 

 not completely retractile, those on hind foot slightly the longer. 

 Tail short, the vertebrae scarcely equal to hind foot, the entire 

 tail covered with long hairs, so as to form a dense brush, the 

 hairs at tip 70 to 140 mm. in length, according to season, and 

 often as long as vertebrae. Fur of a peculiar and characteristic 

 quality ; underfur soft and dense, its hairs 20 to 30 mm. long 

 on back according to season ; longer hairs rather coarse and very 

 numerous, their length about 50 mm. on back, but increasing 

 abruptly to twice as long on flanks and rump, thus adding greatly 

 to the heavy appearance of the animal ; long hairs on wrist and 

 sides of fore foot tending to become almost bristle-like in texture. 



Colour. — Upper parts and belly a rich dark brown becoming 

 blackish on legs, feet and tail ; a broad light (wood-brown) stripe 

 crosses rump and extreme base of upper side of tail and curves 

 forward along sides to axillary region where it gradually 

 disappears ; crown to and partly including ears, and face to 



