956 



UNGULATA 



Family SUIDiE. 



1821. Suidse Gray, London Med. Eepos., xv, p. 306, April 1, 1821.' 



Geographical distribution. — Warmer and temperate portions 

 of the Old World from Japan and the Philippines to Ireland 

 (now extinct in the British Islands), south throughout Africa 

 (including Madagascar) and in the Malay region to New Guinea. 



Characters. — Snout elongated, the abruptly truncate muzzle 

 terminating in a vertically flattened, expanded pad supported by 

 a well developed free ossicle (not shown in figs. 199 and 200) ; 

 incisors rooted, the upper teeth normally present though some- 

 times lost in old age ; upper canine curving outward and upward 

 at side of muzzle ; molars bunodont ; stomach essentially simple ; 

 feet with four well-developed toes ; no horns or antlers. 



Remarks. — The family Suidse contains at least six well- 

 defined living genera. Only one of these, the typical Sus, occurs 

 in Europe. 



Genus SUS Linnaeus. 



1758. Sus Linmeus, Syst. Nat., I, 10th ed., p. 49. 



1766. Aper Pallas, Miscellanea Zoologioa, p. 16 (Substitute for Sus). 



1815. Aper Rafinesque, Analyse de la Nature, p. 56 (Substitute for Sus). 



1857. Stis Blasius, Saugethiere Deutschlands, p. 508. 



1868. Scrofa Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, p. 38 (Domestic Pig). 



Type species. — Sus scrofa Linnteus (by tautonymy). 



Geographical distribution. — Same as that of the family Suidse, 

 except that in Africa it is confined to the Mediterranean region. 



Characters. — Dental formula : i jpj, c fEj, pm 4 ^4, in, ^r 3 = 44 ; 

 incisors and premolars tending to remain functional throughout 

 life, though the small P, pm 1 and pnij are not infrequently lost ; 

 bunodont structure of molars showing no special modification ; 

 canines small in females, moderately large and conspicuously 

 trenchant in males ; skull elongate, high and narrow, typically 

 suine and without conspicuous modifications. 



Remarks. — The genus Sus as now understood contains about 

 thirty recognized living species, mostly of the Indo-Malayan 

 region. Two appear to be readily distinguished among the 

 members of the group occurring in western Europe. 



KEY TO THE EUROPEAN SPECIES OP SUS. 



Upper length of skull in adult males usually more 



than 350 mm. ; m? with third transverse ridge 



well developed (Distribution general) S. scrofa, p. 957. 



Upper length of skull in adult males usually less 



than 300 mm. ; m? with third transverse ridge 



obsolete (Sardinia) S. meridionalis, p. 960. 



