cervus 965 



and the Mediterranean coast to northern Scotland and central 

 Sweden ; an isolated race on the coast of central Norway ; 

 absent from the peninsula of Italy ; eastern limit of range not 

 known. 



Diagnosis. — Height at shoulder about 1370 mm. or less; 

 upper length of skull in adult male usually about 330 to 370 mm. ; 

 tail rather long, pointed ; ear more than half as long as head ; 

 general colour reddish brown in summer, greyish brown in winter, 



TIG. 203. 

 Cervus elaphux. Incisiform teeth. Nat. size. 



the underparts always somewhat paler (drab), but never strongly 

 contrasted ; a dark dorsal line sometimes present ; no conspicuous 

 whitish markings except occasionally the speculum, which may 

 however be indistinct ; antlers terete throughout except for the 

 flattening which often occurs in region of " cup " in old individuals ; 

 in fully developed antlers there are normally present a brow tine, 

 bez tine and more than 5 points. 



cervus blaphus geemanicus Desmarest. 



1822. Cervus elaphus germanicus Desmarest, Mammalogie, II, p. 434 



(Germany). 

 1822. ? Cervus elaphus albus Desmarest, Mammalogie, n, p. 435 (nomen 



nudum). 

 1845. Cervus elaphus albifrons Reichenbach, Vollstandigste Naturgesch. 



des In- und Ausfands, Saugeth., in, pi. in bis, fig. 26 (no exact 



locality; see p. 18). 

 1857. Cervus elaphus Blasius, Saugethiere Deutschlands, p. 439. 

 1874. Cervus elaphus, varius Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. kais. Akad. Wissensch. 



Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, lxix, pt. i, p. 574 (Germany). 

 1874. Cervus elaphus, albus Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. kais. Akad. Wissensch. 



Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, lxix, pt. i, p. 575 (Germany). 

 1898. ? Cervus elaphus maral Lydekker, Deer of All Lands, p. 79 (part ; 



specimens from the Galician Carpathians, Hungary). 

 1903. Cervus vulgaris Botezat, Morphol. Jahrb., xxxn, p. 115, November 17, 



1903 (Renaming of elaphus). 



