536 ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES. 
The Jackdaw (Corvus monedula) wintered this year on the 
towers of Prague in far larger numbers than usual, and by 
the beginning of March the first pairs were already to be seen 
tidying up their nests with fresh twigs. The Rook (C. frugi- 
legus) also passed almost the entire winter with us, and went 
about the fields in large flocks. 
I saw single specimens of the Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) 
round Prague throughout the winter. In the districts of 
Northern Bohemia, where this thrush nests, I observed it in 
large flocks of fifty to sixty. On March 38rd and on April 
13th, during very warm weather, I found considerable num- 
bers congregated in the plains near Laxenburg, south of 
Vienna, and being struck by this late appearance of the Field- 
fare in a district where it never breeds I killed a specimen 
in order to make sure of the species. ~ 
During December the Common Mallard (Anas boschas) 
did not leave a little lake near Prague until it was completely 
frozen over, and several individuals reappeared at the first 
thaw in the end of February. In the middle of March I 
already found paired couples on the brooks and ponds of 
Northern Bohemia. 
I observed the Shoveller (Spatula clypeata) on migration 
at the same time, and found on little ponds a few stray birds, 
which, curiously enough, were all females. 
The Long-tailed Duck (Harelda glacialis) came to the 
Danube this winter in extraordinary numbers, and the last 
stragglers did not leave until the beginning of March. I 
still saw some on the large lakes of Southern Bohemia on 
March 10th. 
During the first weeks of March the Coot (Fulica atra) 
appeared on the small pools near Prague, and at the end of 
that month I already found several full clutches of eggs. 
The tirst Black-headed Gulls (Larus ridibundus) were 
observed on the Moldau at Prague in the middle of March, 
