174 



INSECT LIFE. 



cinna {CEd-e-ma'si-a con-cin' no). — The larva of the spe- 

 cies has a coral-red head, and there is a hump of 

 the same color on the back of the first abdominal 



Fig. 140. — The red-humped apple-worm. 



segment (Fig. 140). This species passes the winter 

 in the pupa state, and the adults appear in June and 

 July. 



The measuring-worms.— There are many kinds of 

 these. Fig. 141 represents 

 one of them. They are 

 called measuring-worms on 

 account of the curious way 

 in which they walk. The 

 most important species that 

 infest fruit trees are known 

 as canker-worms. There 

 are two species of canker-worms, which are very 

 similar in appearance and habits. In both 

 the adult female is wingless (Fig. 142), 

 while the male (Fig. 143) has well-devel- 

 oped wings. 



The white-marked tussock-moth, No- 

 tolophus leucostigma {No-tol' o-phus leu-co- ^i°- 142.— Fe- 

 stig'md). — This caterpillar (Fig. 144) is worm. 



Fig. 141. — A measuring-wonn. 



