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purposes and for irrigation, is struck at depths varying from 230 
to 1,000 feet. Around Guildford alone, four or five bores have 
been successfully sunk, the details of which are thus given in 
the Western Australian Year Book, published by the Registrar 
General :— 
“The Woodbridge Estate bore, completed in 1896, depth 236ft., 
cost £418; discharges at the surface 150,000 gallons per day. The 
Bebo Moro bore, 1896, put down to a depth of 308ft., cost £265; 
yield, 86,000 gallons per day. The Waterhall Estate bore cost £474, 
depth 691ft., with a daily supply of 194,000 gallons. The Lock- 
eridge hore, at a depth of 798ft., daily supply 123,000.  Guild- 
ford Municipal bore, 1,202ft., supply 1,000,000 gallons per diem. 
These figures are given to show that almost anywhere on the plains 
stretching between the hills and the sea artesian water can be struck 
at a moderate cost, wherein the height of the surface of the ground 
does not exceed 30ft. to 40ft. above the sea-level.” 
In many cases, however, especially in those districts with a scanty 
rainfall, more highly mineralised soil and indifferent drainage facili- 
ties, the advisableness of using artesian water or any water at all 
for the purpose of irrigation is one which should receive careful 
consideration, as it is well known that under such conditions irriga- 
tion almost invariably raises the salt line to an extent which may 
prove injurious to fruit-trees. 
SELECT VARIETIES OF FRUIT ACCORDING TO CLIMATE. 
In broad lines, the temperature and the rainfall of various 
regions of the State have been rapidly mapped ont. In both re- 
spects they are shown to be favourable to the successful cultivation 
of fruit-trees, from tropical as well as from temperate climates. 
The physical or the chemical characteristics of soils can be altered, 
but the main features of climates are always the same, and cannot 
be disregarded in the selection of crops. Thus, soil supplying the 
requirements of the grape vine may be met within Scotland, as 
well as in the most renowned districts of the south of Europe; yet 
malt liquors and whisky contribute to the wealth of the Scotel: 
farmers, and brandy and wines that of the vine-growers .of the 
sunny south. 
But apart from the influence of latitude, altitude and aspect 
also tend to modify climate. Snow is met with under the equator 
on mountains of high altitude. According.to the explorer Humbolt, 
the thermometer falls one degree for every 340ft. of elevation; and 
under the influence of this law the climate is cooler, and conse- 
quently fruits ripen later on the hills than they do in the low land. 
An instance of this is afforded along the trunk railway line running 
from the sea over the hills to the eastward. There we see that 
under the influence of otherwise similar climatic conditions the 
maturation of fruit crops and grapes is retarded by two or three 
