21 
quainted with the readiest methods of converting bush land into 
fruitful farms and orchards, much valuable information will be 
gathered from the teachings of others.” 
Following are the common and botanical names of the trees 
referred to in the returns on ring-barking reviewed below :— 
Jarrah (Hucalyptus marginata, Smith) 
Red Gum or Marri (E. calophylla, R. Brown) 
Flooded or ‘‘ Blue” Gum (Z. salinga, Smith) 
White Gum or Wandoo (2. redunca, Schauer) 
Spotted Gum or Bastard White Gum (Z£. accedens) 
Peppermint (.{gonis flexuosa, de Candolle) 
Yate (#. cornuta, La Billardi*re) 
Sheaoak (Casurina Fraseriana, Miguel) 
Paper bark (Melaleuca sp.) 
York Gum (£. lovrophleba, Bentham) 
Jam (Acacia accuminata, Bentham) 
Manna Gum (£. Viminalis, La Billardiére) 
Salmon Gum (Z. salmonophioia, F. von Miieller) 
Morrell, or Parker’s Gum, or Mallee of Victoria (Z. oleosa, 
F. von Miller) 
Fluted Gum, or Gimlet Wood (Z. salubris, F. von Miller) 
Mallet (#. occidentalis) 
Blackboy (Xanthorrhea) 
Wattle ( Acacia leiophylla, Bentham) 
»  Badjong (1. microbotrya, Bentham) 
Karri (EH. diversicolor, F. von Miieller) 
Spearwood (£. Doratoxylon, F. von Miller) 
Tooart (Z. gomphocephala, de Candolle) 
Blackbutt (H. patens, Bentham) 
Zamia (Cycas Sp.) 
The object of ring-barking or of sap-ringing is to kill the trees, 
in order that the pasture and water supply may be improved, and 
to facilitate clearing in the future. 
Trees are destroyed by ring-harking when a belt of bark 
about a foot in width 
is taken off the stem, 
whilst sap-ringing con- 
sists in cutting into 
the sap or outer wood 
of the tree as well as 
taking off the bark. 
\ The illustration here- 
” SAP-RINGING with shows the different 
\ methods, and on per- 
usal of the following 
pages it will be found 
which varieties of trees, 
in the opinion of old 
colonists in various dis- 
tricts, should be ring-barked and which sap-ringed. 
When setting about ring-barking and clearing, a few trees 
should be left standing. Shade is quite as grateful in the hot 
summer months to stock as feed. 
