48 
The Buack Muuperry (M. nigra, Linné) of Persia, grows into a 
large tree; valuable for its pleasant refreshing fruit, which can also 
be fermented into a vinous beverage. Well adapted for sandy coast 
ridges; the leaves, although not so good as I, alba, afford food for 
the ordinary silk-worm. It is said that wherever mulberries grow 
that most destructive frugivorous bird, the “silver-eye,” concentrates 
all its attention to its fruit and thus keeps away from the vines. 
This tree would, in that case, prove a most useful auxiliary to the 
fruitgrower in keeping this feathered enemy away from the, orchard 
and the vineyard where the ripening of the Mulberry is concurrent 
with that of the fruit crop intended to safeguard. 
Myronouan Puum (Prunus cerasifera, Ehrhart, and P. Myro- 
bolanus, Desfontaines)—The Cherry Plumtree, of which there are 
several varieties: the Red, the Yellow fruited, and the Pissardu, 
which has a rich claret coloured foliage and early white flowers and 
fruit of the same colour as the foliage. Countries at and near the 
Caspian Sea, of rather tall growth. The fruits called also Mirables 
(which name is given to some varieties of P. domestica as well), 
whence long ago the objectionable designation Myrobolan cherry- 
plum arose. Flowers very early and before the development of its 
leaves. Splendid for hedges; grows vigorously in the poorest soil; 
ramification impenetrably dense; bears almost any extent of clip- 
ping; not hurt by exposure to sea air. Planted for hedges in two 
rows 18 to 24 inches apart. 
OsaGE ORANGE (Maclara aurantiaca, Nuttall), Texas, Arkansas, 
Louisiana. This thorny deciduous shrub can be well trained into 
hedges; unisexual, resists severe frosts, on rich river banks grows 
to a great: height, valuable for all purposes where toughness and 
elasticity are recuired. The plant is not readily subject to blight 
or attacks of insects. The foliage 1s as good a food for silk-worms 
as that the white mulberry. 
Makes one of the best hedges for this climate, being, if kept in 
order, close and almost impenetrable to stock or trespassers. Propa- 
gated by sets; the line of fence having been marked, the soil should 
be stirred to a good depth. Sets should be planted in a double row, 
sets being six or eight inches apart and the rows ten to twelve inches 
apart. Press the soil firmly to the sets. If a hedge is planted on 
sloring ground a furrow or ditch should be run along the line of the 
upper side to protect the hedge from being worked away. A deep 
trench should be run between the hedge and the first line of vines 
or trees for the purpose of keeping the roots from trespassing on 
the cultivated land. Osage orange hedges are said to not harbour 
small birds as most quick hedges do, and for that reason are recom- 
mended, as small birds do enormous damage at times to the vines. 
Peprer Tree (Shinus Molle, Linné).—A fast-growing ever- 
green shrub or small tree of the cashew family, native of South 
