60 
long-lived and slow-growing trees such as the Olive are planted, 
when it may be desirable to set amongst them some quick-growing 
but short-lived trees, such as peaches, nectarines, or Japanese plums, 
which will begin bearing early and can be eut down to make room 
for the longer lived trees, when after ten or twelve years their period 
of usefulness is on the wane. For laying out this system squares 
are first lined, then diagonal lines are drawn from opposite corners 
of the square and a peg driven down at the intersection. 
MarkinG-OFF LINES. 
Light wire lines, No. 12 gauge, or light clothes wire, give more 
accurate results and answer for laying out either squares, quincunx, 
or rectangles. Wire lines are preferable to string, because they 
don’t shrink or stretch. A wire line 209 feet long (a trifle over 
three chains) will form the side of a one-acre block. At each end 
fasten an iron ring two or three inches in diameter for slipping on 
pegs. Along this line mark out with a piece of solder the exact 
distance apart the vines or trees are to be set at. 
Should vines be planted in a parallelogram instead of a square, 
two lines will be required, with the distances between the rows 
marked off on one of them and the distance along the rows on the 
other. 
Distance APART. 
Before planting an orchard or a vineyard it is well to consider 
and decide what distance apart the trees or the vines will be set at. 
The following table shows the number of plants to the acre at the 
distances given below. It will be noticed that the septuple system 
allows 15 per cent. more trees to the acre and the quincunx 12 per 
cent. more than does square planting. 
2 g.: 7 Ss; 
an ete ae 
3 | 3a i | ¢ |@s da eh 3 
feicei e128 |e lee) wl ele 
oO oO 
gees | oe be hie ae ee | Se] Se 
a | ee] 2 | 3 | S Ie") Be | Bf | 
a DB al o an iA B al o eal 
1 1 | 43,560 .. | 50,300 7-18 324, 134. 151 154 
2 4. | 10,890 ... | 12,575 | 20 400 109 116 125 
Pd 9) 4,840 mae 5,889 | 21 441 99 110 114 
4 16 | 2,725 sie 3,144 | 22 484. 90 100 103 
5 25 | 1,742 | 1,966 | 2,003 | 24 576 75 83 86 
6 36 | 1,200 | 1,362 | 1,390 | 25 625 69 TT 80 
vi 49 889 999 | 1,002 | 26 676 64 Fl 73 
8 64 680 762 782 | 27 729 60 67 69 
9 81 537 600 617 | 28 784. 55 61 63 
10 100 435 482 500 | 29 841 50 56 56 
11 121 360 399 414 | 30 900 48 5S. 5 
12 144 302 335 347 | 35 | 1,225 40 44. 46 
14 196 322 250 255 | 40 | 1,600 31 34 35 
16 256 170 | 191 195 
