63 
a uniform interval between the trees all through the orchard is there- 
fore obvious. 
Many orchards were planted at distances 15ft. to 18ft. apart, 
but these are decidedly too close. The average fruit-trees should 
not be planted at a lesser interval than 20ft., a favourite distance 
would be 22ft. or three trees to the chain, which would give 90 trees 
per acre if planted on the square, and 100 trees if planted in quin- 
cunx, and 103 if set according to the septuple formation; 24ft. 
as well as 25ft. apart are also favourite intervals for soils and loeali- 
ties where trees grow luxuriantly. 
For the guidance of those orechardists who desire to plant 
certain kinds of fruit trees in blocks by themselves, the following 
table is given of distances found suitable for setting apart :— 
Rhubarb ay aie diss .. 4 feet apart. 
Gooseberries and Currants ag des see. 18 ve 
Rock Melons ... ia sie «- 6 to 8 5 
Water Melons ... = sé see 10h 35: 12 5 
Grape Vines ... Per ae woe B y5 12 5 
Coffee ... sa ai te wa JO, 12 53 
Guavas . as vw 12 ,, 18 FF 
Bananas “and Plantains gets wwe AZ 5, 18 ba 
Persimmons ... oe re: ae) a 
Mandarins and Kumquats deg o. 18 4, 22 sh 
Oranges and Lemons.. an’ wee 22-35. 30 3 
Plums and Prunes ... ane ww 224, 25 om 
Peaches and Nectarines act site 22: gy 2D - 
Pears... abs = ww. 22,4, 25 “ 
Large Cherries. sia wag sin 22>, 25 = 
Apricots ob aa sie ~. 22, 30 oe 
Apples ... _ sis aes wee 220 43-30 55 
Figs... ise + 22 ,, 40 35 
Walnuts and Chestnuts sis «. 30 ,, 40 % 
Olives ... : : - 80 ,, 40 33 
If planted in rows i eeaiisatios in double rows of 114ft. 
to 2ft., with 4ft. between the double rows. 
Pneeonlnes= tn double rows 2ft. with 8ft. to 10ft. between 
each double row. 
Raspberries :—4ft. to 8ft. between the rows. 
PLANTING. 
Before planting a vineyard or an orchard, the question should 
have been fully discussed what special market it is intended to 
supply. Whether it is intended to dispose of the fruit locally or 
to ship overseas; to manufacture the grapes into wine or brandy; to 
dry into raisins, or to sell fresh as table grapes.. 
The. natural conditions of soil, climate, and orientations should 
also influence the selection of the varieties. Favour the 
quick ripening of early sorts by planting on well exposed 
slopes. Again, in the case of fruit trees and vines, study 
the likings of each sort; putting the yellow Bellflower apple on 
