64 
the lighter patches of soil, in preference to the Newtown pippin, 
which prefers a stronger soil. Some varieties again show greater 
predisposition to diseases in low moist localities, and should for 
that reason be planted on well drained slopes; the Cleopatra apple, 
which is somewhat subject to the ‘‘bitter pit’’ disease, is a case in 
point. Other questions as well require consideration when planting, 
for instance, such self sterile fruit as the Bartlett and other pears. 
Top graft a few of these or plant amongst them some varieties 
which will supply the pollen necessary for insuring cross fertilisa- 
tion and the better setting of fruit. Pears and plums do better on 
a strong retentive soil than peaches and nectarines. Cherries do 
better on stony land on a high slope. Walnuts and chestnuts in 
well sheltered, shaded and moist situations. Almonds and figs in 
the warmest and driest parts. Oranges in rich, deep, warm soil, and 
well sheltered places. With reference te grape vine due attention 
should be paid in those places periodically visited by late frosts 
to the time the several varieties burst into leaf. Amongst those 
varieties budding late are: Carignane, Mataro, Cabernet 
Sauvignon. Amongst those pushing forth their buds early the 
Chasselas, Malbec, Grenache, Verdot, Pinot, Muscat, Black 
Hamburgh. 
Only those varieties that have been well proved as suitable in 
regard to soil, climate, or the special purpose they are grown for, 
should be cultivated, and of these, the varieties that do best in a 
particular locality more largely planted. 
Plant as few varieties as possible. You will find a readier 
market for your produce if you only keep a few ‘‘lines,’’ to use 
a term employed in commercial circles. Do not have all the sorts 
ripening at the same time; in an early district favour more 
especially early sorts, and in a late one, late varieties of fruit, as 
you will then, with your produce meet a firm market that is not 
glutted with fruits of all sorts. 
VINE-PLANTING, 
Some vines, such as the Malbec, are liable to the ae- 
cident of coulure, or of imperfect setting of the flowers, when 
grown on low badly drained ground, and do far better on deep, 
free, undulating ground. Table grapes should be planted in the 
richest soil in the vineyard, more especially if they can be given 
an extra watering from the time the berries are well set till they 
change colour, 
Let each variety stand separately. I have seen on some of 
the most famous and ancient vineyards of the Medoe near 
Bordeaux and also in the old vineyards of Spain and of Portugal 
grape vines of different kinds planted indiscriminately in the same 
field, but that practice has gone out of favour now; and although 
