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again as if the single-furrow plough only was used. There is little 
need to say that the horses worked in the orchard and vineyard 
should be steady and well broken in, the man careful, and the 
whipple-tree as short as possible, so as to guard against any pos- 
sibility of bruising the trees. 
THe Spiper Harness. 
Fruit trees often suffer considerable damage by having their 
branches broken and portions of the bark of their stems removed by 
the swingle-tree and long trace chains still used in some orchards. 
Particularly is this so when the work of cultivation is being per- 
formed by incompetent or careless drivers. The chance of injury 
to the trees may be reduced by employing orchard harness of the 
type shown in the plate. This harness is comparatively light, and 
the steel tube forming the bow is held up by the hip straps, and the 
traces being of leather, there is no rough surface to come into con- 
_tact with the trees. As the draught is adjustable from straight 
behind the horse, when ploughing on or off, there is no liability of 
the bow chafing the horse’s legs. 
Modern Orchard Harness. 
The same result can be achieved without incurring the cost of 
the special orchard barness by having the ordinary trace chains 
and a short whipple-tree. The chains are brought together to form 
