83 
However careful the ploughing and searifying is done, it is 
not always possible, nor advisable, to come nearer than a foot or 
18 inches to the tree, round which the ground has consequently 
to be dug and turned by hand labour For this work the forked 
spade is the most convenient tool to use It has five stout cast-steel 
times about an inch wide and somewhat pointed. For loosening the 
earth about the roots of the trees and turning in manures, etc., it 
is much less liable to cut and injure the roots than the spade. 
THE SYRACUSE STRIP-DIGGER. 
Is a labour saver in the culture of grapes and berries. The 
hoe is easily guided in and out around the posts and vines, by the 
disc caster wheel to which the handle is attached. The horse is 
hitched to one side of the pole, with plenty of room for the plough 
to work under the vines or bushes. By changing the position of 
the blade, the soil can be thrown towards or away from the vines. 
The cultivator attachment may be worked with the horse hoe. 
The Syracuse Strip-digger. 
THE ScARIFIER OR CULTIVATOR. 
These implements have been so much improved of late years 
that they may be said to be as eflicient, and in some cases even more 
so, than the plough, and they are generally used in conjunction 
with the plough in order to cut and root up weeds, an1 to secure 
a fine tilth. 
The more modern scarifiers are of a lighter draught, and the 
tines are so arranged that they cover and break up the track of 
the wheels. 
In Western Australia the State Implement Works at Rocky 
Bay is manufacturing orchard and vineyard cultivators light of 
