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Board of Horticulture of Califormia. The lower one—a bow saw— 
is provided with a handle which fits closely into the hand. Both 
ends of the blade are fastened by means of a little screw on to a 
bolt having the other end riveted into a countersunk hole. The 
blade can thus be turned at any angle, or it may be kept in one 
position by tightening the thumb-screw at the end near the handle. 
Two small pieces of wood are riveted on either side of the bow at 
the lower end, which serves as a handle to prevent injury to the 
Pruning Saws, 
hand. The bow is made of steel, and springs a little. These saws 
can be made by anyone, and for cutting large limbs have no equal, 
as the blade being thin and narrow, and the teeth set wide, will cut 
through a limb with great rapidity, without sticking or getting 
pinched in the cut—a difficulty met with in many other saws. The 
blade may be reversed if one chooses, and made to cut by drawing 
it instead of shoving. In this way they are not so readily broken. 
The top saw is another pattern, this one having a handle about 
16 inches long, and the blade guided by it. For using it the handle 
and bow are grasped together by the hand, which sometimes is 
very awkward, especially when the large limbs or a considerable 
number have to be cut. In any ease it is more tiresome to the 
hand than the first one mentioned. 
Chisel and Mallet. 
For grafting stout branches a chisel and mallet are required. 
The figures illustrate convenient tools of that description. An old 
file can be turned by a blacksmith into a very serviceable chisel. 
The prong at the end is useful for keeping apart the split when 
the graft is being inserted. 
The mallet is not absolutely necessary, as any piece of wood 
will do, but is convenient, and one made of tough hardwood answers 
