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and luxuriant growth, yet they are found in unsuitable localities to 
fail in other respects and succumb to disease. Of these, the most 
dreaded is the gumming disease or mu?-di-gomma. To this affection 
the rough lemon (Citrus limonum) stock and sweet orange stock are 
particularly liable, more especially the former, and for that reason 
they are undesirable stock for flat, damp localities, and all such 
foot-rot regions. These stocks should only be used for high and 
well-drained land free from hard frost, and in such localities the 
rough lemon and the lime will do better than any other stock. Trees 
worked on this stock outgrow those of almost any other stock. 
They fruit early and well, but are relatively short-lived when com- 
pared with those on the sour orange. 
The sour orange (Citrus vulgaris) is of all stocks- the most 
resistant to collar-rot, but it requires a moist, rich soil to thrive in. 
It has a deep-rooting habit, which revels in moist soil rich in humus, 
and is particularly suitable for irrigated land. Surface cultivation 
is less injurious than in the case of the shallow-rooting stock. 
The Pomelo is spoken of as another vigorous and resistant 
stock, which withstands occasional periods of drought better than 
does the sour orange: it does better in warm loealities, free from 
severe frost. 
The Trifoliate orange, the hardiest of all citrus stock, is at 
times used in frosty localities, but not in every case with uniform 
success. The Satsuma, a Japanese mandarin, is reported to do well 
on it. It is dwarfing in character, and that makes it a good fruit 
producer. When budded to other varieties it is said to bring fruit 
earlier and produce oranges of good quality. Some claim that 
vigorous stocks, such as the pomelo or the lemon, have a tendency 
to produce coarse, thick-skinned fruit; they certainly seem in some 
measure to influence the size of the fruit, and in the case of the 
Navel oranges they are said to add to the productiveness of the 
trees. 
The Grape Vine Stocks. 
In few other cultivated plants more than on the grape vine is 
the influence of the stock so noticeable The practice of grafting 
vines has for a long time been carried out, but until recent years it 
was almost exclusively restricted to the changing of varieties. 
Budding is now, in many instances, superseding grafting, with most 
satisfactory results. The systematic grafting of vines is, however, 
a more modern operation, and was devised to counteract the attacks 
of the phylloxera on the European vineyards. Quite an array of 
grape vine stocks have for this purpose been suggested, tested, and 
found wanting. Some are not sufficiently phylloxera-resistant; 
some do not readily take the graft; others are not vigorous enough; 
whilst others, again, fail to grow in limestone formations or have 
such liking for some particular character of soil, that when estab- 
lished on any other they cease to grow with sufficient luxuriance. 
