109 
In prefacing his remarks on the subject, Mr. de Castella points 
out that a vineyard on resistant stock may be established by— 
1° Planting nursery-raised “bench-grafts.” 
2° By “field-graftinge” European or “Vinifera” grape vines 
on established resistant vines or stock. 
Field grafting is more in favour in Spain and Portugal—where 
the spring is warmer—than in Northern Europe. In our warmer 
Australian climate results are generally very satisfactory. 
“Yema” means in Spanish, a bud or eye—the germ of any- 
thing, in fact. Whereas “budding” is practised above ground, on 
green herbaceous canes, with the wood-core of the bud removed, 
the summer bud graft consists in cutting deeply into the wood of 
the vine, almost to the pith; the wood-core of the scion-bud is not 
removed. That bud is taken on the shoots of the current year, well 
summered and carrying ripened buds. The main differences to 
be found between the “Yema” and ordinary grafting are, 1° the 
season when it is earried out; 2° the very small dimensions to which 
the scion is reduced. 
Victorian modification of Yema Graft (Rounce’s). 
A. Preparation of stock. B. Outer view of scion bud. 
C. Inner view of same. D. The completed graft. (F. de 
Castella.) 
