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Providing the Graft with Moisture-—It is well known that it is 
exceedingly difficult to get any graft to take in hot, dry weather on 
account of the fact that the scion dries up before the union takes 
place with the stock. . By inserting the heel of the graft in a bottle 
filled with water and hanging the bottle as closely as possible up to 
the graft, the water in the bottle provides a moisture supply for the 
scion while the union is taking place. I find that in a very short 
time roots put out from the base of the heel of the graft, and before 
the end of the season the bottle may become quite filled with roots. 
From time to time the bottle must be refilled with water, so as to 
keep up the supply. In refilling, I run the water to the bottom of 
the bottle through a funnel and so prevent it from becoming 
stagnant. I also sometimes use charcoal for this purpose. 
Cutting off the Heel—tIn the case of the spring graft, as soon 
as it is known that. the graft has taken and growth is taking place 
from the bud, the heel of the graft may be cut off at the line A 
shown in Fig. 2. But it is not necessary to cut it off at this time, 
provided the bottle be kept filled with water, and in no ease should 
there be hurry in cutting it off, because the supply of water in the 
bottle taken up by the roots helps to nourish the shoot on the graft 
and results in a better growth during the season.” 
When the dormant graft is made in March or April, as shown 
in Fig. 1, and it takes properly, the whole of the shoot of the stock 
above the graft should be cut off at A (Fig. 1), at the ordinary 
pruning season; but it is a matter of choice with the grower 
whether he cuts the portion below at B, or allows it to remain in 
the bottle for a year. If he allows the bottle to remain he must take , 
care to keep it full of water. If the bottle be kept filled with water 
it will help the growth of the graft during the growing season, but 
if he allows the bottle to dry out, that dry heel below the graft is 
a source of danger and weakness. Therefore as a rule it is wise to 
make both cuts at A and B in the August of the same year as the 
graft was put in. 
GRAFTING UNDER THE BARK. 
This is a very simple operation, and is performed just as the 
sap begins to rise in the stocks. Young peach, plum, and pear 
seedlings put forth quite early, and are grafted at any time after 
the leaves begin to grow by the following method :— 
The stocks are sawn off, and with a knife a vertical incision is 
made on one side of the stock, the same as for a bud. The.graft is 
then prepared by simply facing on one side, as shown in Fig 1 
at c. It is then inserted in the slit, in the manner that buds are 
inserted, and is then tied and waxed over. For tying, waxed cloth 
