116 
is greatly preferred, as it serves for both purposes—that of tying 
and waxing—in one operation. 
CROWN GRAFTING. 
Trees, and especially citrus trees, are at times killed to the 
ground by the disease of gumming or are cut back by severe frost, 
and whenever the roots are healthy and well established there will 
be a great saving of time, instead of rooting up and replacing the 
tree, to cut it down below the surface of the ground to where the 
wood is sound and cleft grafting it, or perhaps better still, crown 
grafting it. Large useless trees can also be renewed with compara- 
tive ease by means of the crown graft. It is particularly suitable 
for trees like the fig and the walnut which, on account of the large 
amount of pith, were considered hard to graft on account of the 
difficulty of preventing the air getting into the pith and the scion 
drying. 
\ 
\ 
Crown Grafting old orange stock (H. J. Webber). 
Leereney 
For this purpose scions are procured of mature wood from a 
thriving tree of the kind wanted, cut five to six inches long and 
sharpened into a long slanting cut, as shown on the figure. These 
two or three on one crown, to make sure that at least one will grow, 
are pushed between the bark and the wood, preferably in the creases 
and concave portions of the trunk, when the bark ean with less 
danger of splitting be pressed out. A sharp prod made of the 
handle of a tooth-brush filed and sharpened at one end like an awl, 
