Ws 
This is a protection to both scion and stock, especially from scoreh- 
ing heat, which causes grafts and stocks to die back when left ex- 
posed. The leaves of the grafts should never be broken, but cut, 
nor must they be eut off entirely; at least one-third of the leaf 
should be left (as shown in the figure) to prevent the graft from 
dying before it has had time to unite with the stock. Neither must 
the entire leaf be allowed to remain on the graft. The trimming 
of the leaf prevents it from carrying off too rapidly the fluids by 
evaporation. 
Scion. Stock. 
AFTER-CARE OF GRAFTING. 
After vines are grafted flush with the ground, they should be 
protected by a small stake, driven on the side of the prevailing 
winds in summer, to which the young, tender shoots of the graft 
can be tied as they appear. The stock will also often push forth 
tender suckers from underneath, these should be pulled off as they 
appear above ground or removed by cutting with a knife; the flow 
of sap will thus run without interruption from the stock to the 
scion. 
As regards trees, ligatures are cut off directly it is seen that 
the graft is growing; and if the shoots from the graft are pushing 
forth too luxuriantly, they are pinched back to save them being 
carried away during windy weather. At the time of grafting old 
trees it is advisable to whitewash the stems to guard against sun- 
burn; some people wrap them up in sacking. 
Suckers will soon put in an appearance. These it is not 
advisable to rub off entirely, but a few should be left growing the 
first year so as to take up the surplus sap and maintain a healthy 
root growth. 
