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marked growth; whereas buds put in late in the summer or in the 
autumn are called “dormant buds,” and remain inactive all through 
the winter and until next spring. 
Such questions as: “Influence of stock and scion” and “choice 
of stock” are discussed in the chapter on grafting. 
Several conditions are necessary in order to favour the union 
of the bud and the stock. The seeds must be well developed and 
matured. The figure illustrating the kind of buds to select is taken 
from Mr. B. M. Lelong’s paper on budding, published by the State 
Board of Horticulture of California. 
The bark must raise freely from the stock; the more luxuriant 
the growth the more active the flow of sap. 
The time for budding varies greatly according to trees; thus 
peaches, almonds, and cherries ripen their buds early, and may be 
budded in the early summer; if budded later, in the autumn, they 
remain dormant through the winter. Apples and pears, which are 
slower of growth, are generally budded later in the summer and lie 
dormant until next spring. Citrus trees are budded all througti 
the summer, and whenever the sap is running more actively and 
young shoots sprouting readily. Plump buds from healthy young 
round wood are preferable to those taken from angular wood. 
Immature buds remain dormant in the stock until they have 
developed, sometimes until late in summer, or even until next 
spring. 
In order to hasten the development of young buds, the tips of 
the branches it is intended to use are sometimes nipped off; the 
shoots are thus made to harden, and the buds are taken when they 
just begin to start growing again. 
Buppinc MATERIAL 
consists of a pruning knife to cut the scion bevel shape (such a 
knife is illustrated in the chapters on grafting and on pruning) 
or) 
Budding Knife. 
and a budding knife, which has a sharp round blade and a flat 
handle to raise the back of the stock. In budding, sharp tools are 
to a great extent the secret of success. 
Wrapping material is also required and consists of rafia fibre, 
cotton cord, yarn, or strips of waved cloth. These are made of 
cheese cloth or coarse calico folded into convenient sizes and dipped 
into molten beeswax and resin, two parts of the former to one of 
resin. The surplus wax is then scraped off by pulling the calico 
between a stick and the edge of the melting pot. The waxed ealico 
