137 
two’ spurs, with two buds on each, is left when pruning the second 
year; these will constitute the first two arms of the vine; the subse- 
quent season one or two spurs are left on these arms, and so on 
until the number of spurs is increased to six or eight in the case of 
a strong vine. When well-shaped the vines need not stand in the 
way of the horse implements, and when the arms become too long 
advantage is taken of the presence of any water shoot conveniently 
situated closer to the stem. This shoot is at pruning time cut back 
to two buds, and turned into a spur to fill the gap of the longer and 
older arms, which can then without inconvenience be sawn off or 
cut hard back. 
SPUR PRUNING 
A.A. shows the points of section and spur left after pruning. Method of 
pruning wood growing on a short spur, set on a permanent arm. A. and B. 
show where to cut. (Foex.) 
To this group also belong vines pruned half-long and trained 
goblet shape. 
The heavy initial cost of staking or trellising a vineyard 
planted with sorts requiring long pruning at times makes it 
convenient io train vines without support. 
The wood-cut alongside illus- 
trates this method of training. One 
or more long rods, consisting of six 
to ten eves (C), with a short wood 
spur of two eves at the base of each 
(S), are for this purpose left on the 
vine, the end of the rods being either 
bent down and tied to the base of 
the opposite rod, or the rods are 
made to entwine together in the 
form of a bow. 
It is customary to leave the ionz 
rod above the short wood spur, 
which is closer to the stem, to kee» 
the arms of the vine from rising too 
rapidly. as the long rods teing eut 
off the subsequent pruning, the wood 
necessary to continue that method of yong rods and short spurs. 
pruning is found supplied by last 
season’s short spurs. 
