142 
that once the framework of the vine is well formed it may be pruned 
with all the modifications of short, half-long, or long pruning already 
described. 
This mixed system of pruning, which finds favour with some, 
is suitable for localities where both soil and climate are favourable 
to a luxuriant growth of the vine. 
It is particularly suited to the Sultana, and on rich soil to the 
Zante Currant. 
The Sultana bears well only on long canes, the short spurs pro- 
viding wood for the next pruning. In the Swan valley the Bor- 
deaux espalier with short arms, bearing two long rods and two spurs 
aan 
1D) 
| A 
aL — 
Cazenave Cordon modified. Permanent arms and long bent 
rods with short spurs. (Bioletti.) 
each, are satisfactory. Repeated suckering and removal of water 
sprouts are required to insure a strong growth of replacing canes 
on the wood spurs. The cracking of the joints with the fingers and 
the curving of the fruit canes or rods promotes the starting of more 
shoots or of the consequent production of more bunches of grapes. 
At the same time the buds on the wood spurs are forced to start; 
these, not being shaded, tend to grow vigerously. It is advisable to 
tie these in a vertical position to the top wire of the trellis; and they 
should not be topped. 
It is essential, to obtain good results with the sultana, to go over 
the vines at least twice during the spring and rub off suckers and 
water shoots not required to replace the fruiting wood at the next 
winter pruning; these are generally sterile, grow vigorously, and, 
unless removed, rob the fruit shoots. This disbudding should only 
be done a week or two before blossoming, and next after the flowers 
have set. 
