144 
eyes. These rods are bent down and tied; they carry much fruit 
and supply an outlet for any excessive flow of sap from the vine. 
T-HEAD TRELLISING FOR CURRANT VINES. 
Unless adequate development is given the currant vine, it often 
remains infertile. The following ‘nethod of training these vines, 
which has for a number of years been adopted with marked success 
by Mr. Thomas Hardy, of South Australia, is found to be suited 
to those vines :— , 
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The vines are planted 10 feet in the rows, which are 12 feet 
apart. Posts, 445 feet out of the zround, are set every 30 feet. 
Cross-heads 27 inches long, made of split wood 2 inches x 4 
inches, are bolted on at the top of the posts. Lower eross-heads 
a little shorter, about 24 inches long, may also be bolted at a lower 
level, say 18 inches from the ground. Three wires for each tier 
are used, the middle one slightly lower than the outer ones. The 
end posts are well strutted; No. 8 is used for the central wire and 
No. 10 for the outer wires. 
The currant vines are trained alternately on the top and 
bottom tier, and thus more room is afforded for their development. 
The vines may either be trained right and left, T fashion, or with 
one single bent arm like an inverted &. The main arm is trained up 
along the middle wire (3), the long rods (a) being tied alternately 
to the outer wires, any buds beyond the wire being cut off. The 
short spurs (b) usually bear as much fruit as the long rods. 
For this trellis, however, is generally substituted the two-wire 
trellis found in most vineyards, with the first wire 18 to 20 inches 
from the ground and the second wire 18 to 20 inches higher. 
Should the currants be particularly strong a third wire another 18 
inches higher may be added as shown in the figure below. Spur 
pruning gives more sugary and more fleshy currants. 
On average vine land the currant is spur-pruned along per- 
manent arms, while on richer land the spur and rod system answers 
