146 
area under cultivation by one-third, and that at a cost much below 
that which such addition would involve. An acre of vineyard, for 
instance, worth, say, £50, would be practically, by the extra ex- 
penditure of £10 for staking or trellising, be made to yield a return 
of one acre and one-third, and represent a capital value of £80. 
For stakes, the sizes generally used are 2 x 2 inches, 6ft. long. 
In different places the cost of material would vary; the cost 
of purchasing, hauling, sharpening, and setting good jarrah or rasp- 
berry jam stakes would he generally about £10 a thousand vines, 
or about £6 5s. an acre for vines planted 8ft. square. 
In trellising, 6ft. posts 3in. x 4in. are used 2ft. below and 4ft. 
above ground, and at the end of the rows straining posts 6in. x 3in. 
and 6ft. to 6ft. 6in. long. Two wires only are necessary, viz., near 
the coast No. 10 galvanised wire, and inland, where the corrosive 
action of the air is felt to a lesser degree, the cheaper No. 10 black 
steel wire will answer. 
The first wire is set at a height of 18 inches from the ground; 
the second wire 20 to 24 inches higher, or about 3ft. to 3ft. 6in. 
from the ground. 
The following is a pre-war estimate of what the cost of trellis- 
ing a 10-acre vineyard would probably be at per acre. Supposing 
the block of vineyard measures 10 chains x 10 chains and the dis- 
tance between the rows is 10ft., there would be per acre 614 rows, 
requiring :— 
£ 3s. d. 
13 straining posts per acre, at 9d. each .- 09 9 
165 ordinary posts, 28ft. apart, at 25s. per100 212 0 
165 holes for same, at 5s. per 100 0 9° 0 
4cwt. galvanised No. 10 wire, at 12s. 3d... 3.0 ~0 
Boring holes, putting up, and straining 10 0 
£710 9 
BURNING THE CUTTINGS. 
When the pruning of the vines or fruit-trees is done the cut 
canes or wood are picked and burned. The most expeditious way of 
effecting this, if the area is of any size, is to seeure a rejected 300 
or 400 gallon square iron tank, which may be bolted on iron brackets 
on two wooden beams Sin. x 3in., which act as a sledge. This is 
dragged by means of long chains. The side of the tank that is on 
top is cut off with a chisel and the man-hole and other apertures 
are made at the bottom between the wooden sledges, which act as 
a grating to provide a draught and facilitate the dropping of the 
burnt ashes. The front of the wooden beams are cut bevel to cause 
the sledge to slide over the surface of the ground. Into this tank 
a fire is lit, and as the horse drags the furnace along the rows a 
couple of men throw the wood into it. In this way a number of 
pests are destroyed, the ashes are spread evenly over the ground, 
