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they are cut back and treated as directed under the heading “First 
and second pruning.” 
Except in the case of plum trees referred to already, it is 
inadvisable to cut back trees in the process of renovation to blind 
stumps, but this is preferably done just above a young branch 
or a small shoot, so situated that it can be used for giving start to 
the fresh growth. Old apple trees, apricots, and especially peaches, 
are at times killed through overlooking this detail. The sap becomes 
stagnant, a dying back process sets in, which carries off the limb. 
Peach trees more particularly must be eut back with judiciousness 
when it is intended to renovate them, the reason being that fewer 
buds are found on the old bark of peaches and nectarines than on 
the old bark of pomes, and what few buds there may be left are 
less easily thrown into active life again than buds of apple and 
pear trees. 
When renovating trees of the citrus tribe it is also advisable 
to cut large limbs above on young, fresh growth, although in their 
ease this is not so essential as in the case of deciduous trees, and 
more especially the peach. These trees are fairly well stocked with 
miniature dormant buds, which are thrown into life whenever the 
emergency arises. 
Spit Liss. 
The method of training trees explained above presents one 
disadvantage. The suppression of the central stem and the starting 
of several main limbs from the same level on the stem often exposes 
7? a N ! 
il ih : 
Method of supporting split limbs. 
