172 
The Heart and Bigarreaw sorts, which are sweet varieties, are 
luxuriant growers, attaining large size, and possess large drooping 
leaves. Mazzard stock are preferred for these, the trees being long- 
lived, larger, and healthy when planted on fairly good loam. 
The Duke and Morellos classes are slow growing sorts of the 
sour kind. The first have stiff and erect branches with smaller 
leaves, thicker and of a darker green colour than the preceding 
classes; the second or Kentish Cherries are of a bushy habit, with 
smaller leaves still and more drooping and more numerous twigs. 
The branches must be kept far enough apart to admit the sun and 
air freely amongst them, and the stem and main branches strength- 
ened by cutting hard for several seasons. If the tree grows too 
luxuriantly, an occasional root pruning will throw it into fruit. 
They do best on Mahaleb stock, which gives smaller trees, but is 
more accommodating as regards soil. This stock gums on wet, 
retentive soil. If it were not for the sprouting habit, sour varieties 
on their own roots do very well. Cherry trees when shaped for the 
first few years as a rule keep a good form, and bear well without 
pruning. 
PRUNING THE FILBERT. 
Suckers should be carefully eradicated every season, and the 
bushes pruned somewhat after the fashion of the quince, or else 
they will be a mass of branches, and remain almost barren. Yet 
the filbert, in the majority of cases, is completely left to itself, 
although to be fruitful it requires proper and regular pruning. The 
blossoms, like those of the walnut, are moneecious, z.¢., the male 
flower or catkins, and the female flower are born on the same tree, 
but from different buds. These fruit buds bear in a cluster at the 
extremity of small twigs, and are produced on shoots of one year’s 
growth, and bear the next. 
Unless the bushes are pruned, they bear very heavily one year, 
and remain barren several seasons to recuperate. The mode of 
pruning consists in cutting back severely the first few years, so as 
to favour the growth of side shoots, which are shortened to prevent 
the whole nourishment being carried to the top of the branch, the 
consequence being that small shoots grow from their base, which 
earry fruit. » By this method of spurring, bearing shoots are pro- 
duced, which would otherwise have remained dormant. 
PRUNING THE WALNUT AND THE CHESTNUT. 
Much of what is said about the pruning of the fig applies to 
these trees. Their habit of growth is shapely, and the growers 
will, by cutting off misplaced branches, broken or dead, and by 
shortening bending limbs, do much to keep them growing symmet- 
rically. As their feeding roots are close to the surface, light hoeing 
