220 
S to 12 feet apart in a loamy soil one furrow midway between the 
rows is quite sufficient. 
For young trees the distance from the trunk would vary from 
two to three feet, and if the trees are large the furrows would be 
opened four to six feet away from the stem. 
Whether the soil is heavy or hght, the method of applying 
water is the same, and the next day or the day after, as soon as it 
is sufficiently drained, the whole surface is scarified with the eulti- 
vator; or if the surface is already clean and loose, the furrows 
alone are broken up by means of the cultivator or scarifier, which 
should not be less than three feet wide, so as to take in a good strip 
of land. 
At each subsequent irrigation the furrows are run in a different 
place, and thus is the land maintained into a uniform degree of 
moisture. 
SPREAD OF WATER FROM DEEP Furrows. 
In an ordinary soil 1 inch of water will saturate dry soil about 
3 inches deep, though moisture will in a few days reach several 
inches farther and give the ground the appearance of being wet 
when it is very much below the point of saturation and could 
retain considerable additional moisture. 
When the ground is first irrigated, large quantities of water 
are sometimes needed to saturate and settle the subsoil. This set- 
tling of the subsoil is sometimes so great that it is necessary to go 
over the tract and regrade it. 
Buck Scraper tilted up when unloaded 
