249 
ditions are suitable to orange culture. No market has ever yet 
been glutted with well-grown oranges of this sort. The tree, al- 
though hardy and vigorous, is of medium size, with dark-coloured 
leaves and is armed with a few small thorns. .\ rapid grower, and 
an early and abundant yearly bearer; requires a free, deep, well- 
drained loam, and does not thrive on poor, sour, and badly-drained 
land. Fruit, large, solid, and heavy; skin, smooth and of very fine 
texture; very juicy, high flavour; is generally seedless. Apart from 
the valuable qualities enumerated, this variety is one of the earliest 
and best tested of all the Navel oranges; it is a good keeper, and 
well suited for export. 
The season in California for the Washington Navel is from 
January to July, while in Florida it extends from November to 
February, but in Florida, as well as in Cuba, and in the West 
Indies, its cultivation has never been a success, and it has been sup- 
planted by other kinds and by the grape fruit—a variety of Pomelo. 
The dry summers and wet winters, as in the case of California and 
in the South-West of Western Australia, retard the maturing of 
citrus fruit. Not so in Florida, where the summer rains, like that 
of India and of the Northern coast of Australia, and the dry win- 
ters, hasten the maturation. 
JAFFA.—Mid season. Large, oval fruit; skin coarse; pulp rich 
and juicy, almost seedless. Tree strong grower, with very large 
leaves curved and wrinkled on the strong young shoots; thornless. 
In Jaffa rainless summer accompanied by heavy night dews, and 
winter without frost, are well suited to the growth and development 
of the trees, which are watered in the summer and _ plentifully 
manured. 
VALENCIA, Lare.—Tree a strong grower, does not begin to bear 
as soon as most other budded sorts; few thorns, dark foliage; fruit 
medium size, roundish oval, tapering towards the stem, skin smooth; 
pulp acid till fully ripe, few seeds, solid, of good quality. The fruit 
ripens in the early spring, and will hang a long time. Commercially, 
it is placed next to the Navel. The tree is inclined to produce a good 
crop only bi-annually. <A strain known as “Hart’s Tardiff” in Cali- 
fornia, has been widely propagated. Does well in Florida, and 
should also do well in Northern Australia. 
Tue SEVILLE (syn. Sour or Bitter Orange), C. Bigarradia or 
Vulgaris, said to have been brought from the East by the Moors, 
who established large plantations of it about Seville, in Spain, hence 
the name. The hardiest of all varieties, enduring very hard frosts 
without injury. It has the largest and most fragrant flowers; the 
pulp, however, is bitter and acid, and is valued chiefly for marma- 
lade. Several types are grown, which raised from seeds have some- 
what varied, viz., the Round, the Flat, and the Sweet Seville; fruit 
fairly large, about three inches in diameter, and flattened at both 
