250 
ends; skin rough and thick, dark orange, and bitter; when boiled 
becomes transparent. The pulp, when cooked with sugar, sets to a 
jelly. Tree a strong grower, with large, shiny, bright green leaves, 
long and pointed, with well-developed wings, thorny. Thrives on 
heavier soil better than do sweet oranges. 
QuEEN.—An Australian variety, thriving well in the drier locali- 
ties. Fruit medium size to large, somewhat ovate, regular in shape 
and size; skin thin, smooth, rather light in colour; often a ring at 
the calyx end; flesh juicy and of good flavour. 
SEEDLINGS.—-Numerous seedlings exist, some of which exhibit 
features which are worth propagating, but they often fail in some 
of the standards required from a profitable commercial orange. One 
of the best of these West Australian seedlings is the 
CHERITON (syn. Gingin).—A West Australian seedling, grown 
from seeds about 50 vears ago by Mr. H. Brockman, in his orchard 
at “Cheriton,” on the Gingin Brook, some fifty miles north of Perth. 
Tree a very strong grower, erect, thorny, with good foliage. Fruit 
large, roundish, and a little tapering towards the apex. Thirty 
oranges picked from different gardens gave an average weight of 
lloz. to 120z., while a few weighed over 1lb. each. Skin medium 
thin on fruit on the top of the tree to thin on fruits on older bearing 
branches at the base; peels off easily. Fleshy, few seeds, solid, 
juicy, segments parting easily after peeling, sweet, hangs well. 
Ripens from July to end of September. 
Manparins (Citrus nobilis). 
“Much grown in India. The leaves and blossoms are smaller 
than those of the orange. Branches slender; fruit flattened, with 
segments loosely adhering, forming a hole in the centre; rind yellow, 
glossy, easily detached. Fruit very juicy and sweet when ripe. Tree 
medium size, and almost thornless. 
ScarLer MANpaRIN.—Very profitable on account of its earliness 
in bearing and in maturing its crop. ‘Tree upright, spreading, 
vigorous grower, above medium size, almost thornless; fruit large, 
flattened at both ends. Before ripening the rind is moderately tight, 
but as the fruit ripens kecomes puffy and assumes a reddish orange 
colour; it is easily detached from the pulp. When fully ripe the 
segments surround a hollow core. Pulp dark orange, sweet, of fine 
flavour. Grows best in a semi-tropical climate. A bad carrier, and 
requires careful picking and sweatiny before shipping. 
THorny Manparin or TANGERINE,—One of the best flavoured 
of all mandarins. Tree a dense bush requiring severe thinning out 
to bear large fruit; thorny, except some sub-varieties which are 
thornless. Fruit small to large, according to number of fruit, vigour 
of trees, and soil and climate; roundish, flattened; stem fine and 
