262 
Late pruning, by delaying the spring growth, often helps to ward 
off the early attacks of this fungus. The grapes begin to eelour 
and sweeten several weeks before the Muscat, but they become 
fully ripe later than this variety. Suitable for districts with long 
summers and autumns. If the dipping process is used in curing, 
the grapes must be very ripe, else they will turn zeddish aud dark 
and lose quality. A little salad oil is put with the lve in Greece to 
keep the colour ‘‘amber.’’ At the Wagga Wagga experimental 
orchard it was found impossible to graft the Sultana, with any 
degree of success, upon the following sorts:—-Gros nillaume, 
Royal Ascot, Corinth Currant, and Solonis. Sultanas grafted on 
15 varieties of American stock grew vigorously, and carry guod 
crops of large compact bunches. 
Buiack Currant (syn. Zante, Passerina nera in Italy).—A cor- 
ruption of Corinth, the Greek port from which most of these are 
shipped; the berries resemble currants in size. The home of the 
Black Currant is the Grecian Islands, as well as Morea, especially 
around Patras, Zante, Cephalonia, and Ithaca; all produce currants 
of the highest quality. Vine: growth erect and climbing, moderately 
robust and very fruitful. Leaf medium size, fine lobed, smooth 
above, and downy beneath. Fruit: Bunches from four to six or 
eight inches in length; tapering, and cylindrical, with long, loose 
shoulders; stalks slender. Berries very small, about the size of 
small peas, round, Skin, purplish red, Flesh: juicy, sweet, ples- 
ant, and without seeds. Ripens between the 1st and 2nd period; on 
the Swan, middle of February. 
Cultural Notes—The vines in Asia Minor are grown on low 
bushes, and are pruned short; the young branches requiring staking 
in order to bear well; the crop ripens in suecession from the first 
shoots, and the laterals, which also bear. For Australia, T head 
trellising, as shown previously, has been found to answer well, 
although the ordinary two-wire trellis is now generally adopted. 
The Currant grape, generally seedless, sometimes produces full- 
sized large berries with seeds, reverting to the grape as it were; 
and where this tendency is very marked its cultivation has to be 
abandoned. This vine is not suited to clayey soils if wet and cold, 
but does well on a light free loam or when heavily manured with 
bone dust on sandy loam over a clay subsoil. 
To Mr. W. C. Grasby is due the credit of having introduced 
the system of cincturing the vine to make it fruitful, a method 
followed for that purpose in Greece and which has already been 
referred to in a previous chapter. At the University of California 
fair crops have also been obtained by grafting it on phylloyera re- 
sistant stocks. 
Wuite CormntH.—The bunch and berry resemble the Black 
Currant, but differ in not being black, and in lacking the peculiar 
