263 
aroma and flavour alone possessed by the black and true currant. 
The absence of pips in currant grapes is due to a malformation of 
the floral organs. The vine possesses many of the characteristics 
of the previous kind and will bear even without cincturing; aiso 
with the same treatment that succeeds with the Sultana. The berries 
are intermediate in size, between the Black Currant and the Sultana, 
but not equal to either in flavour. 
EXPORT GRAPES. 
Western Australia offers special advantages over the other 
States for the cultivation of export grapes. Its geographical posi- 
tion places it a week to ten days nearer the overseas markets of 
Europe, India, China, and Malaya, where we are able to place our 
grapes in the spring of the year; whereas the Spanish grapes are 
marketed in the winter months, when the demand is not so active. 
The test of time. besides, has proved that its climate, characterised 
by rainy winter and spring months followed by dry summer and 
autumn, ensures a more satisfactory ripening of the grape crop, 
which ean be raised to a degree of perfection required in a first class 
export fruit without the additional cost of irrigation. To the late 
Mr. Geo. Barrett-Lennard is due the credit of having demonstrated 
the practicability of growing grapes for export market, an 
industry which is now receiving a considerable amount of attention 
along the Swan River Valley, in close proximity to the port of ship- 
ment at Fremantle. 
In Western Australia grapes for export are packed in neat 
hardwood, mahogany-like boxes containing 2Slhs. of fruit, in addi- 
tion to 4tlbs. to 5lbs. of cork dust, and they are kept during the 
voyage in the ship’s cool chamber at a temperature of 32° to 34° F. 
Although several kinds of grapes have been shipped with more 
or less success, the following few stand the long sea journey best. 
Manaca Rep (svn. Red Olivette, Pause Rose, Corezon de Galle, 
Red Portugal).—Plant not very strong. Bunches long, handsome, 
well filled with very large olive-shaped berries of a dull-red colour, 
with thick skin. Ripens late. Subject to Black Spot, and requires 
careful attention. A characteristic of this variety is the nature of 
its leaf, the lobes and teeth of which are rounded off. It is bare 
underneath with the exception of a few short hairs about the nerves. 
Hangs late. 
Mazaca, Buack.—.\ better carrier than Red Malaga; not so 
subject to fungoid diseases. This grape grown on a light loam 
usually carry as well as Ohanez, is more juicy, and has a better 
flavour. 
Frame Toray (syn. Red Amar of Kabylie)—Vigorous 
growth, heavy joints, and leaves large, light yellowish-green 
in colour, lightly lobed, long toothed, smooth on both sides, 
