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Cultural Notes—Is pruned short and trained bush fashion. 
Produces in warm localities a pleasant wine of fair keeping quali- 
ties, but light colour; a good bearer, producing from 200 to 400 
gallons per acre. Comes into leaf medium early, but does not 
suffer from spring frost. Grows best in a deep, free soil, prefer- 
ably gravelly, and of a reddish colour. Not much subject to 
fungoid diseases. 
CaRIGNANE (syn. Carvignan).—A useful grape for the drier 
and hotter districts. Does well about Toodyay. Season medium 
(third period). Merits: combines in a happy degree both quality 
and quantity wherever the circumstances are favourable. Vine: 
growth of stem thick and vigorous; an erect grower. Shoots: 
strong, thick, and hard, henee the name it often goes by—Bois 
dur; tips of shoots seldom ripen properly; short-jointed at the 
base, of a light-red colour, turning to brownish-red in the autumn; 
young shoots as they burst are downy and slightly pink on under 
margin. Buds dark in colour, and rather large. Leaves large, 
rough, and wrinkled; five-lobed; sinus deep; upper surface dark- 
green and smooth, under surface light-green and slightly downy; 
leaves turn red in the autumn. Fruit: bunches large and well-set, 
subdivided into small bunches. Berries: medium size and slightly 
oblong; black, juicy, and rich. 
Cultural Notes.—Prune short and train bush fashion. Very 
subject to fungoid diseases, therefore moist and damp localities 
are unsuitable for its cultivation. Grapes ripen fairly early, but 
the buds burst late, thus eseaping spring frosts. Requires a good 
deal of heat to bring it to maturity. Does best in well-drained 
soils of good consistency. The wine is better on the hills than on 
the plains, is generous, keeps well, spirituous, possesses a rich 
dark colour, but is a little coarse and harsh. Sometimes the wine 
is of a bluish-eolour when the grapes have been allowed to get 
over-ripe. 
CaBERNET SauvIGNON (syn. Petit Cabernet)—One of fhe 
choicest red wine kind of France, making the high-class Medoec. 
Season: mid-season (third period). Merits: of the highest as to 
quality, but giving a small crop, particularly in a dry climate, and 
therefore unprofitable. Vine: growth vigorous when young, some- 
what spreading, but on unsuitable soil grows weak with age; 
shoots of a dark-reddish mahogany colour, of medium thickness, 
long joints; buds medium size, downy. Leaves very characteristic, 
medium sized, as long as they are-broad; five-lobed; the indenta- 
tion or sinus deep, rounded, and overlapping towards their ex- 
tremities in such a way as to make the leaves appear as if they, 
were pierced with fine holes; teeth sharp and uneven; upper sur-" 
face of a dark-green colour, smooth and glossy, but uneven; under 
surface covered with close, short down. Fruit: bunches medium 
