341 
gated by inarching. Grafted mangoes come into bearing in about 
five years after planting out. Varieties highly praised are: The 
Alphonso mango of India, the August mango of Mauritius, the 
Strawberry, Carpenter, and a host of other good sorts which would 
prove a great acquisition to our North and North-West provinees. 
The mango is not only eaten when ripe, but large quantities 
are used green for pickles, chutney, or served raw with salt, 
pepper, and vinegar. The natives of India also use the leaves for 
its medicinal virtues. 
The trees grow luxuriantly in the Northern Territory and in 
Northern Queensland, and withstand the attacks of white ants 
fairly well, probably on account of the turpentine taste of the 
wood. 
THe Papaya (Carica papaya). 
A native of Central America, it has now reached every corner 
of the tropical world. Sometimes called pawpaw. 
The tree, which is unisexual, consists of a soft-wooded trunk, 
smooth and without branches, reaching 10 to 15 feet in height. 
The male flowers are white and hang down in clusters, whereas the 
female flowers are large, yellow, and carried close to the main stem 
at the base of the leaves which are palmate, with long stalks, and 
carried at the top of the tree. As the tree grows another lot ap- 
pears above with the broad leaves spread out like an umbrella on 
top. 
The papaya trees are easily raised from seed, and, when strong 
enough, may be planted out. The first year they require a certain 
amount of protection in localities likely to be visited by frost. 
They bear within a year, and, as they are not long lived, they 
should be replaced every three or four years. Mr. G. C. Rose, of 
Parkfield, near Bunbury, states that they grew splendidly with him 
on the banks of the Fitzroy, West Kimberley, till the white ants 
ate them down. 
Papayas will grow in almost any kind of land, but naturally 
prefer good soil. The seed should be sown in rich soil in a sheltered 
spot. The seedlings may be removed to their permanent positions 
when 6-9 inches high. Plant close—6ft. apart—which will allow 
for thinning out at the first flowering of the trees—10-15 months 
after planting—of those bearing long-panicle flowers, which are 
mostly male, the female flowers, if any on them, bearing poor fruit. 
When in Queensland I procured from Mr. Howard Newport, at 
Kamarunga, seeds of a superior variety of papaya from New 
Guinea, growing under the name of “New Era,” which carries both 
male and female flowers on the same tree. The fruit is of excep- 
tional size and quality. I distributed seeds amongst a number of 
settlers in Kimberley and along the North-West coast. Shade each 
