. 388 
measurement of the package being much the same as that of the 
dump case. The top tray, when the three are cleated together, is 
the only one which requires a cover, the first tray of course having 
its bottom or outside cover. 
The illustration shows three grades of pears packed in trays. 
It will be noticed that all the pears face in the same direction with 
the exception of the top fruits, which are reversed so as to present 
3. 4— 3. 4 
3. 4x 3. 5 
Pears packed in trays. 
‘3. 
5. 
3 a" — 
4x x 
the eye or calyx to the outer end of the package. It is advisable 
to line the bottom and the top of each tray with a thin layer of 
wood wool which helps to guard against the pears rubbing and 
chafing. 
Nailing-down Cases. 
When the cases have been properly packed there should be a 
slight bulge of fruit over the sides. The case is placed for nailing 
down over two eross battens on the floor, or on the packing table. 
Cross cleats, soaked in water before nailing to prevent splitting, 
are nailed through at each end of the cover boards. When the 
first cross cleat has been nailed down the lid boards are pressed 
down over the bulging fruit, and a second cross cleat is nailed 
down at the other end of the case. 
Four 244in. case nails are sufficient to secure each cleat. 
Branding. 
Neat and distinct stencil plates with block letters are applied 
over the ends of the case and show the variety of fruit, nain2 of 
variety, size of fruit or the number in the case, name and address 
of the grower, name of the State, and the capacity of the case, i.e., 
“one bushel.” 
On the other end are stencilled the initials of the firm the 
fruit is consigned to, and the port of destination. 
