417 
roadway, which will take the cart up to the level of the grape- 
mill. A less expensive way is to have a grape elevator, which con- 
sists of a piece of belting about 10 
inches wide, with tin buckets or 
scoops fastened at intervals of a 
foot or so, and running inside a 
wooden box at an angle of 45° to 
60° to the height of the grape-mill 
hopper, where each bucket empties 
its contents. A 4 to 6 h.p. motor 
would afford ample power for work- 
ing both elevator and crusher and 
stemmer. 
Another mechanical method for 
lifting the grape pulp and convey- 
ing it into the fermenting vats is a 
specially constructed must pump 
constructed by Victor Coq, of Aix, 
near Marseilles. This pump is 
unchokable, and pumps over 2,000 
gallons of must and skin per hour. 
It is easily cleaned, and takes but 
little space, but it is essential that 
it be carefully cleansed, after using, 
Grape Must Pump. of the grape must slime, which 
coats it every day. 
WINE PRESSES. 
Conjointly with the grape crusher, one or two wine presses are 
required in the fermenting shed. A variety of designs are found 
to effect the mechanical separation of the juicy from the solid parts 
of the grapes. The simplest, probably, is the long beam or lever 
press which presses continuously. 
More convenient is the screw press, an illustration of which 
is here given, on account of its powerful leverage, the rapidity of 
its work, the simplicity of its mechanism, and the ease with which 
it is operated. 
After the’dry summer months preceding vintage, the timber 
forming the wooden tray has shrunk more or less, and the screwing 
of the nuts of the bolts running throught it, together with applica- 
tious of hot water over bagging spread over the woodwork, become 
necessary. Should the leak, however, persist, and cracks have 
formed in the wood, they may be filled with a putty compound of 
melted resin with a little tallow and fine ashes, which is applied 
hot. This cement will stop leaks in presses and casks which may 
have proved refactory to other means. Some hot paraffin wax run 
into the cracks also answers the purpose. 
