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This process is governed by many outside influences, which it 
behoves the wine maker to watch and direct. 
Grape must contains not only all the soluble parts of the grape, 
but, depending upon the amount of care exercised in its prepara- 
tion, it contains, as well, other substances which get into it by 
accident, such as the impurities adhering to the outside of the skin, 
some of the grape pulp, parts of the skins and seeds. 
It is well to know something about these component parts of 
grape must, and a look at the following section of a grape berry 
will convey some amount of information about its structure. 
The nourishing sap flows into the grape berry through the 
pedunele from the plant, and there, mainly owing to the influences 
of sun and light, these materials are gradually ‘transformed into 
various bodies. 
The vessels which convey these nourishing fluids converge at 
the pedunele, then diffuse through the body of the berry, leaving, 
wherever they reach, the requisite amount of material. From this 
other fibrous vessels branch out, which convey nourishment to the 
skin. 
\ 
Section of a Grape Berry. 
From the peduncle, two small threadlike vessels proceed to the 
seeds a (1 and 2), and, as the grape berry ripens, assume a rusty 
violet. colouration. 
Around the pips (a) is the zone (b), which contains very little 
sugar, and mostly viscous albuminous substances, free acids, and 
cream of tartar. 
The layer c contains mostly water, sugar, and small quantities 
of acids and albuminoid matters. 
Section d@ is richer in sugar and more fleshy, and contains 
gummy substances, which, during the process of maturation, are 
