426 
sinks; and the heavier the liquid, the more of the spindle appears 
above the surface of the liquid. 
Within the glass spindle is a seale, which varies with the make 
of the instrument. Some are so graduated that the operator can 
read at a glance either the specific gravity, the percentage of sugar, 
degrees Baumé, degrees Brix, according to the special purpose for 
which the instrument has been constructed. 
I shall rapidly explain the three scales most in use for the deter- 
mination of saccharine liquids. 
Ist. The Specifie Gravity Scale—The best known is Gay 
Lussae’s centesimal densimeter, on which 1,000 represent the depth 
to which the instrument would sink in pure water at the temperature 
of 15 degrees C. (59 degrees F.). Aceording to the law formulated 
above, the divisions above 1,000 indicate densities lower than that 
of water, as, for instance, oil, spirits, ete.; while the divisions lower 
than the 1,000 of the scale represent the specific gravity of liquids 
heavier than water, and also the weight in grammes of one litre of 
the liquid tested: thus 1,080 means that the liquid is to pure water 
as 1,080 is to 1,000, or, in other words, that one litre of the liquid 
weighs 1,080 grammes, as compared with the same capacity of pure 
water, which weighs one kilogramme—in other words, 1,000 
grammes. 
In most saccharometers the 1,000 is placed at the top of the 
scale; as the liquids weighed get heavier than water, more of the 
spindle appears above the surface of the liquid. 
Sugar Test py SACCHAROMETER. 
If great accuracy is required, it is necessary to make a slight 
corection when the specific gravity is taken at temperatures below 
15 degrees C., or above that degree of temperature, thus:— 
If the temperature is— 
10 degrees C., take off 
11 os a9 
12 ’ » 
13 ” bed 
14 ” ” 
15 ” ‘> 
16 a add 
6 from the reading 
5 
4 
3 
2 
0 
‘l 
17 ” oy ERE 3 
5 
7 
9 
1 
2 
6 
8 
no 
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woth oe ae : 
mm OOo 
