432 
| 
runs higher; and the fermentation may stop before all the sugar has been 
converted into alcohol, if adverse agencies set to work in the course of ih 
mentation. : 
The best French wines, made from the choicest varieties of grapes, are 
produced from musts having a density ranging from 1,059 (8deg. B.), and 
1,115 (15deg. B.). Thus, musts producing the Médoc wines measure, on 
an average, 1,066, or 9deg. B.; musts, from the Rhine, about the same ; 
must, in the Champagne district, 1,074, or 10deg. B.; in Burgundy, 1,090, 
or 12deg. B.; and in the Roussillon district, in the South of France, 1,108, 
or l4deg. Baumé. ' 
Musts, with a specific gravity higher than 1,116 (15deg. B.), yield either 
wine suitable for blending with a lighter one—they have the disadvantage 
of introducing with them an excess of unfermented sugar, which often pro- 
duces troublesome secondary fermentations—or else they are only suited 
for producing liqueur wines. 
Proof Spirit 
is an empirical more than a scientific way of expressing the 
alcoholic strength of a spirituous liquid, but it is so extensively 
used in trade that the following remarks will be useful. 
It is defined by an Act of Geo. III. as weighing at 51° F. 
(10.5° C.) twelve-thirteenths of an equivalent volume of distilled 
water. This at 60° F. (15° C.) shows a specific gravity of .9198, 
and represents by weight 49.24 per cent. of absolute alcohol. This 
by Guy Lussaec’s tables shows 57 of absolute alcohol. Absolute 
alcohol is quite free from water, and has a sp. gr. of 0.793, and is 
75.25 O.P. To reduce proof degrees to pure alcohol it is near 
enough in practice to multiply by 4 and divide by 7, and vice versa 
from degrees of alcohol to proof. Thus 75 O.P.=175° proof 
4 700 
and 175 x-=——=100 Alcohol. 
7 47 
To bring an alcoholi¢ solution indicating O.P. or U.P. degrees 
to proof the following formula may be used:— 
100 Q’ 
10 +n x 
= degrees O.P. or U.P. indicated, which are hundredths of 
n 
of. 
Q@ = quantity of spirituous liquid of a given strength. 
x = quantity of proof spirit in the said spirit. 
Ex.: 40 gallons at 30° O.P. or U.P. to be expressed as 
proof spirit. 
100 40 
Ist — = —; x = 52 Proof gallons 
100 -+ 30 x 
100 40 
2nd —-——- = —; a = 28 Proof gallons 
100 — 30 x 
