502 
pressed pulp. By adopting the diffusion process of extraction a 
greater percentage should be obtained. 
The average specific gravity of the juice of sound, ripe apples 
is 1.060 (8.2 Baumé) or 15 per cent. sugar with extracts added. 
This on complete fermentation gives about 9 per cent. aleohol by 
volume (16.75 proof spirit). In culls the specific gravity would be 
lower and the resulting cider shows about 6 per cent. absolute 
alcohol by volume (13° proof). 
Manufacture of Cider and Perry. 
The apples or pears to be crushed must be sound. If they are 
not clean, the hose may be put on them, provided the water is 
allowed to drain quickly; if this can be avoided so much the better, 
as water washes off the bloom which carries the yeast. Decayed 
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Improved Apple Mill and Grater. 
apples will cause the cider to be flat, of bad flavour, and of bad 
keeping. Then reduce them to a pulp. For this purpose a mill, 
something like a turnip pulper, in which the fruit after being broken 
up by toothed rollers is passed through fluted rollers, is very con- 
venient. 
