536 
The powder is applied with more force, and has a better chance 
of adhering to all the leaves, while the working is easier than in 
the case of ordinary bellows. 
Simpler and cheaper powder casters are also illustrated, and 
consist in the old fashioned but efficacious sulphur bellows, the 
construction of which is shown in the foregoing diagrams. 
Vermorel’s Injector for Carbon Bi-sulphide.—Among the numer- 
ous insecticides proposed and experimented upon for destroying 
Vermoral’s Injector. 
the phylloxera and other ground 
pests, carbon bi-sulphide has been 
found one of the most reliable as 
well as efficacious. It is a colour- 
less liquid, heavier than water 
(1-271 to 15 deg. C.), very volatile 
(boils at 48 deg. C = 102 deg. F.). 
and catches fire very rapidly. 
Workmen using it should, for this 
reason, carefully refrain from smok- 
ing, and avoid carrying matches. 
Considerable difficulty was ex- 
perienced at the beginning in the 
application of the insecticide round 
the roots, and in properly regu- 
lating its dose, until specially 
designed forcing pumps came into 
use, one of the best of which is here 
shown. 
The forcing-pump considered, 
so far, the best for the purpose of 
injecting the insecticide liquid into 
the soil is the one here described. 
and is manufactured by Vermorel. 
Its price in France was about 55 
franes. 
It consists of a copper reser- 
voir, R, holding about a quart of the 
liquid, which is introduced through 
the opening, F, closed by means of a 
screw plug. The piston Y Y, sur- 
mounted by the knob, N, works in 
the pump, A, and is fitted at its 
extremity with a cup-shaped leather 
cap, B. A spring, M, drives the 
piston upwards each time it has 
been pressed down in injecting the 
liquid. Underneath the piston, two 
small openings, D, place the reservoir in communication with 
the chamber, T, On pressing the piston down, the bi-sulphide 
